Exploring whether attention is necessary for vision transformers

Last update: Jan 07, 2023

Overview

Do You Even Need Attention?
A Stack of Feed-Forward Layers Does Surprisingly Well on ImageNet

Paper/Report

TL;DR

We replace the attention layer in a vision transformer with a feed-forward layer and find that it still works quite well on ImageNet.

Abstract

The strong performance of vision transformers on image classification and other vision tasks is often attributed to the design of their multi-head attention layers. However, the extent to which attention is responsible for this strong performance remains unclear. In this short report, we ask: is the attention layer even necessary? Specifically, we replace the attention layer in a vision transformer with a feed-forward layer applied over the patch dimension. The resulting architecture is simply a series of feed-forward layers applied over the patch and feature dimensions in an alternating fashion. In experiments on ImageNet, this architecture performs surprisingly well: a ViT/DeiT-base-sized model obtains 74.9% top-1 accuracy, compared to 77.9% and 79.9% for ViT and DeiT respectively. These results indicate that aspects of vision transformers other than attention, such as the patch embedding, may be more responsible for their strong performance than previously thought. We hope these results prompt the community to spend more time trying to understand why our current models are as effective as they are.

Note

This is concurrent research with MLP-Mixer from Google Research. The ideas are exacty the same, with the one difference being that they use (a lot) more compute.

Pretrained models and logs

Here is a Weights and Biases report with the expected training trajectory: W&B

name	[email protected]	#params	url
FF-tiny	61.4	7.7M	model
FF-base	74.9	62M	model
FF-large	71.4	206M	-

Note: I haven't uploaded the FF-Large model because (1) it's over GitHub's file storage limit, and (2) I don't see why anyone would want it, given that it performs worse than the base model. That being said, if you want it, reach out to me and I'll send it to you.

How to train

The model definition in vision_transformer_linear.py is designed to be run with the repo from DeiT, which is itself based on the wonderful timm package.

Steps:

Clone the DeiT repo and move the file into it

git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/deit
mv vision_transformer_linear.py deit
cd deit

Add a line to import vision_transformer_linear in main.py. For example, add the following after the import statements (around line 27):

+ import vision_transformer_linear

Train:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 python -m torch.distributed.launch \
--nproc_per_node=8 \
--master_port 10490 \
--use_env main.py \
--model linear_tiny \
--batch-size 128 \
--drop 0.1 \
--output_dir outputs/linear-tiny \
--data-path your/path/to/imagenet

Citation

If you build upon this idea, feel free to drop a citation (and also cite MLP-Mixer).

@article{melaskyriazi2021doyoueven,
  title={Do You Even Need Attention? A Stack of Feed-Forward Layers Does Surprisingly Well on ImageNet},
  author={Luke Melas-Kyriazi},
  journal=arxiv,
  year=2021
}

Comments

On details about the experiments

In the experiment section of the report, you mention:

Such a comparison is not exactly fair because the feed-forward model uses stronger training augmentations.

I wonder what the augmentations are, for details about the augmentation seems missing from the paper.

opened by boredtylin 2
Positional Encoding Ablation

Hi Luke, thank you for sharing this amazing work.

In your arxiv document, I cannot find any mention of positional encoding, but I see that you use them in your code. Did you conduct any ablation study on the PE? i.e., how much does it affect the performance, with and without?

Thank you in advance.

opened by jjparkcv 0
Interaction between patches through a transpose may have a stronger role to play ?

Hi, I was going through your exp report. You have made a point that since you are able to get a good performance without using attention layer so good performance of ViT may be more to do with it's embedding layer than attention .

But I believe, It's also may be to do with how you have established an interaction between patches through a transpose very similar to what was done in MLP-Mixer .

Would love to know your thoughts on this ?

opened by rakshith291 0

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Exploring whether attention is necessary for vision transformers

Related tags

Overview

Do You Even Need Attention? A Stack of Feed-Forward Layers Does Surprisingly Well on ImageNet

Paper/Report

TL;DR

Abstract

Note

Pretrained models and logs

How to train

Citation

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Comments

On details about the experiments

Positional Encoding Ablation

Interaction between patches through a transpose may have a stronger role to play ?

Releases(v0.0.1)

v0.0.1(May 6, 2021)

Owner

Luke Melas-Kyriazi

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Do You Even Need Attention?
A Stack of Feed-Forward Layers Does Surprisingly Well on ImageNet