Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining

Related tags

Deep LearningCLIP
Overview

CLIP

[Blog] [Paper] [Model Card] [Colab]

CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training) is a neural network trained on a variety of (image, text) pairs. It can be instructed in natural language to predict the most relevant text snippet, given an image, without directly optimizing for the task, similarly to the zero-shot capabilities of GPT-2 and 3. We found CLIP matches the performance of the original ResNet50 on ImageNet “zero-shot” without using any of the original 1.28M labeled examples, overcoming several major challenges in computer vision.

Approach

CLIP

Usage

First, install PyTorch 1.7.1 and torchvision, as well as small additional dependencies, and then install this repo as a Python package. On a CUDA GPU machine, the following will do the trick:

$ conda install --yes -c pytorch pytorch=1.7.1 torchvision cudatoolkit=11.0
$ pip install ftfy regex tqdm
$ pip install git+https://github.com/openai/CLIP.git

Replace cudatoolkit=11.0 above with the appropriate CUDA version on your machine or cpuonly when installing on a machine without a GPU.

import torch
import clip
from PIL import Image

device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model, preprocess = clip.load("ViT-B/32", device=device)

image = preprocess(Image.open("CLIP.png")).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
text = clip.tokenize(["a diagram", "a dog", "a cat"]).to(device)

with torch.no_grad():
    image_features = model.encode_image(image)
    text_features = model.encode_text(text)
    
    logits_per_image, logits_per_text = model(image, text)
    probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=-1).cpu().numpy()

print("Label probs:", probs)  # prints: [[0.9927937  0.00421068 0.00299572]]

API

The CLIP module clip provides the following methods:

clip.available_models()

Returns the names of the available CLIP models.

clip.load(name, device=..., jit=False)

Returns the model and the TorchVision transform needed by the model, specified by the model name returned by clip.available_models(). It will download the model as necessary. The name argument can also be a path to a local checkpoint.

The device to run the model can be optionally specified, and the default is to use the first CUDA device if there is any, otherwise the CPU. When jit is False, a non-JIT version of the model will be loaded.

clip.tokenize(text: Union[str, List[str]], context_length=77)

Returns a LongTensor containing tokenized sequences of given text input(s). This can be used as the input to the model


The model returned by clip.load() supports the following methods:

model.encode_image(image: Tensor)

Given a batch of images, returns the image features encoded by the vision portion of the CLIP model.

model.encode_text(text: Tensor)

Given a batch of text tokens, returns the text features encoded by the language portion of the CLIP model.

model(image: Tensor, text: Tensor)

Given a batch of images and a batch of text tokens, returns two Tensors, containing the logit scores corresponding to each image and text input. The values are cosine similarities between the corresponding image and text features, times 100.

More Examples

Zero-Shot Prediction

The code below performs zero-shot prediction using CLIP, as shown in Appendix B in the paper. This example takes an image from the CIFAR-100 dataset, and predicts the most likely labels among the 100 textual labels from the dataset.

import os
import clip
import torch
from torchvision.datasets import CIFAR100

# Load the model
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model, preprocess = clip.load('ViT-B/32', device)

# Download the dataset
cifar100 = CIFAR100(root=os.path.expanduser("~/.cache"), download=True, train=False)

# Prepare the inputs
image, class_id = cifar100[3637]
image_input = preprocess(image).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
text_inputs = torch.cat([clip.tokenize(f"a photo of a {c}") for c in cifar100.classes]).to(device)

# Calculate features
with torch.no_grad():
    image_features = model.encode_image(image_input)
    text_features = model.encode_text(text_inputs)

# Pick the top 5 most similar labels for the image
image_features /= image_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
text_features /= text_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
similarity = (100.0 * image_features @ text_features.T).softmax(dim=-1)
values, indices = similarity[0].topk(5)

# Print the result
print("\nTop predictions:\n")
for value, index in zip(values, indices):
    print(f"{cifar100.classes[index]:>16s}: {100 * value.item():.2f}%")

The output will look like the following (the exact numbers may be slightly different depending on the compute device):

Top predictions:

           snake: 65.31%
          turtle: 12.29%
    sweet_pepper: 3.83%
          lizard: 1.88%
       crocodile: 1.75%

Note that this example uses the encode_image() and encode_text() methods that return the encoded features of given inputs.

Linear-probe evaluation

The example below uses scikit-learn to perform logistic regression on image features.

import os
import clip
import torch

import numpy as np
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision.datasets import CIFAR100
from tqdm import tqdm

# Load the model
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model, preprocess = clip.load('ViT-B/32', device)

# Load the dataset
root = os.path.expanduser("~/.cache")
train = CIFAR100(root, download=True, train=True, transform=preprocess)
test = CIFAR100(root, download=True, train=False, transform=preprocess)


def get_features(dataset):
    all_features = []
    all_labels = []
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        for images, labels in tqdm(DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=100)):
            features = model.encode_image(images.to(device))

            all_features.append(features)
            all_labels.append(labels)

    return torch.cat(all_features).cpu().numpy(), torch.cat(all_labels).cpu().numpy()

# Calculate the image features
train_features, train_labels = get_features(train)
test_features, test_labels = get_features(test)

# Perform logistic regression
classifier = LogisticRegression(random_state=0, C=0.316, max_iter=1000, verbose=1)
classifier.fit(train_features, train_labels)

# Evaluate using the logistic regression classifier
predictions = classifier.predict(test_features)
accuracy = np.mean((test_labels == predictions).astype(np.float)) * 100.
print(f"Accuracy = {accuracy:.3f}")

Note that the C value should be determined via a hyperparameter sweep using a validation split.

Owner
OpenAI
OpenAI
Convex optimization for fun and profit.

CFMM Optimal Routing This repository contains the code needed to generate the figures used in the paper Optimal Routing for Constant Function Market M

Guillermo Angeris 183 Dec 29, 2022
An efficient framework for reinforcement learning.

rl: An efficient framework for reinforcement learning Requirements Introduction PPO Test Requirements name version Python =3.7 numpy =1.19 torch =1

16 Nov 30, 2022
LVI-SAM: Tightly-coupled Lidar-Visual-Inertial Odometry via Smoothing and Mapping

LVI-SAM This repository contains code for a lidar-visual-inertial odometry and mapping system, which combines the advantages of LIO-SAM and Vins-Mono

Tixiao Shan 1.1k Dec 27, 2022
The VeriNet toolkit for verification of neural networks

VeriNet The VeriNet toolkit is a state-of-the-art sound and complete symbolic interval propagation based toolkit for verification of neural networks.

9 Dec 21, 2022
Rewrite ultralytics/yolov5 v6.0 opencv inference code based on numpy, no need to rely on pytorch

Rewrite ultralytics/yolov5 v6.0 opencv inference code based on numpy, no need to rely on pytorch; pre-processing and post-processing using numpy instead of pytroch.

炼丹去了 21 Dec 12, 2022
An Active Automata Learning Library Written in Python

AALpy An Active Automata Learning Library AALpy is a light-weight active automata learning library written in pure Python. You can start learning auto

TU Graz - SAL Dependable Embedded Systems Lab (DES Lab) 78 Dec 30, 2022
Deep Learning to Improve Breast Cancer Detection on Screening Mammography

Shield: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Deep Learning to Improve Breast

Li Shen 305 Jan 03, 2023
RRxIO - Robust Radar Visual/Thermal Inertial Odometry: Robust and accurate state estimation even in challenging visual conditions.

RRxIO - Robust Radar Visual/Thermal Inertial Odometry RRxIO offers robust and accurate state estimation even in challenging visual conditions. RRxIO c

Christopher Doer 64 Dec 29, 2022
PyArmadillo: an alternative approach to linear algebra in Python

PyArmadillo is a linear algebra library for the Python language, with an emphasis on ease of use.

Terry Zhuo 58 Oct 11, 2022
This is the pytorch implementation of the paper - Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks.

Integrated Gradients This is the pytorch implementation of "Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks". The original tensorflow version could be found h

Tianhong Dai 150 Dec 23, 2022
Code for our WACV 2022 paper "Hyper-Convolution Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation"

Hyper-Convolution Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation Code for our WACV 2022 paper "Hyper-Convolution Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentatio

Tianyu Ma 17 Nov 02, 2022
Revisiting Oxford and Paris: Large-Scale Image Retrieval Benchmarking

Revisiting Oxford and Paris: Large-Scale Image Retrieval Benchmarking We revisit and address issues with Oxford 5k and Paris 6k image retrieval benchm

Filip Radenovic 188 Dec 17, 2022
Compositional and Parameter-Efficient Representations for Large Knowledge Graphs

NodePiece - Compositional and Parameter-Efficient Representations for Large Knowledge Graphs NodePiece is a "tokenizer" for reducing entity vocabulary

Michael Galkin 107 Jan 04, 2023
Unofficial Implementation of RobustSTL: A Robust Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Algorithm for Long Time Series (AAAI 2019)

RobustSTL: A Robust Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Algorithm for Long Time Series (AAAI 2019) This repository contains python (3.5.2) implementation of

Doyup Lee 222 Dec 21, 2022
Unsupervised Pre-training for Person Re-identification (LUPerson)

LUPerson Unsupervised Pre-training for Person Re-identification (LUPerson). The repository is for our CVPR2021 paper Unsupervised Pre-training for Per

143 Dec 24, 2022
ESL: Event-based Structured Light

ESL: Event-based Structured Light Video (click on the image) This is the code for the 2021 3DV paper ESL: Event-based Structured Light by Manasi Mugli

Robotics and Perception Group 29 Oct 24, 2022
Rainbow is all you need! A step-by-step tutorial from DQN to Rainbow

Do you want a RL agent nicely moving on Atari? Rainbow is all you need! This is a step-by-step tutorial from DQN to Rainbow. Every chapter contains bo

Jinwoo Park (Curt) 1.4k Dec 29, 2022
use machine learning to recognize gesture on raspberrypi

Raspberrypi_Gesture-Recognition use machine learning to recognize gesture on raspberrypi 說明 利用 tensorflow lite 訓練手部辨識模型 分辨 "剪刀"、"石頭"、"布" 之手勢 再將訓練模型匯入

1 Dec 10, 2021
DyNet: The Dynamic Neural Network Toolkit

The Dynamic Neural Network Toolkit General Installation C++ Python Getting Started Citing Releases and Contributing General DyNet is a neural network

Chris Dyer's lab @ LTI/CMU 3.3k Jan 06, 2023
A modular, research-friendly framework for high-performance and inference of sequence models at many scales

T5X T5X is a modular, composable, research-friendly framework for high-performance, configurable, self-service training, evaluation, and inference of

Google Research 1.1k Jan 08, 2023