决策树分类与回归模型的实现和可视化

Overview

DecisionTree

决策树分类与回归模型,以及可视化

ID3

ID3决策树是最朴素的决策树分类器:

  • 无剪枝
  • 只支持离散属性
  • 采用信息增益准则

data.py中,我们记录了一个小的西瓜数据集,用于离散属性的二分类任务。我们可以像下面这样训练一个ID3决策树分类器:

from ID3 import ID3Classifier
from data import load_watermelon2
import numpy as np

X, y = load_watermelon2(return_X_y=True) # 函数参数仿照sklearn.datasets
model = ID3Classifier()
model.fit(X, y)
pred = model.predict(X)
print(np.mean(pred == y))

输出1.0,说明我们生成的决策树是正确的。

C4.5

C4.5决策树分类器对ID3进行了改进:

  • 用信息增益率的启发式方法来选择划分特征;
  • 能够处理离散型和连续型的属性类型,即将连续型的属性进行离散化处理;
  • 剪枝;
  • 能够处理具有缺失属性值的训练数据;

我们实现了前两点,以及第三点中的预剪枝功能(超参数)

data.py中还有一个连续离散特征混合的西瓜数据集,我们用它来测试C4.5决策树的效果:

from C4_5 import C4_5Classifier
from data import load_watermelon3
import numpy as np

X, y = load_watermelon3(return_X_y=True) # 函数参数仿照sklearn.datasets
model = C4_5Classifier()
model.fit(X, y)
pred = model.predict(X)
print(np.mean(pred == y))

输出1.0,说明我们生成的决策树正确.

CART

分类

CART(Classification and Regression Tree)是C4.5决策树的扩展,支持分类和回归。CART分类树算法使用基尼系数选择特征,此外对于离散特征,CART决策树在每个节点二分划分,缓解了过拟合。

这里我们用sklearn中的鸢尾花数据集测试:

from CART import CARTClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True)
train_X, test_X, train_y, test_y = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.7)
model = CARTClassifier()
model.fit(train_X, train_y)
pred = model.predict(test_X)
print(accuracy_score(test_y, pred))

准确率95.55%。

回归

CARTRegressor类实现了决策树回归,以sklearn的波士顿数据集为例:

from CART import CARTRegressor
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error

X, y = load_boston(return_X_y=True)
train_X, test_X, train_y, test_y = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.7)
model = CARTRegressor()
model.fit(train_X, train_y)
pred = model.predict(test_X)
print(mean_squared_error(test_y, pred))

输出26.352171052631576,sklearn决策树回归的Baseline是22.46,性能近似,说明我们的实现正确。

决策树绘制

分类树

利用python3的graphviz第三方库和Graphviz(需要安装),我们可以将决策树可视化:

from plot import tree_plot
from CART import CARTClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True)
model = CARTClassifier()
model.fit(X, y)
tree_plot(model)

运行,文件夹中生成tree.png

iris_tree

如果提供了特征的名词和标签的名称,决策树会更明显:

from plot import tree_plot
from CART import CARTClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

iris = load_iris()
model = CARTClassifier()
model.fit(iris.data, iris.target)
tree_plot(model,
          filename="tree2",
          feature_names=iris.feature_names,
          target_names=iris.target_names)

iris_tree2

绘制西瓜数据集2对应的ID3决策树:

from plot import tree_plot
from ID3 import ID3Classifier
from data import load_watermelon2

watermelon = load_watermelon2()
model = ID3Classifier()
model.fit(watermelon.data, watermelon.target)
tree_plot(
    model,
    filename="tree",
    font="SimHei",
    feature_names=watermelon.feature_names,
    target_names=watermelon.target_names,
)

这里要自定义字体,否则无法显示中文:

watermelon

回归树

用同样的方法,我们可以进行回归树的绘制:

from plot import tree_plot
from ID3 import ID3Classifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston

boston = load_boston()
model = ID3Classifier(max_depth=5)
model.fit(boston.data, boston.target)
tree_plot(
    model,
    feature_names=boston.feature_names,
)

由于生成的回归树很大,我们限制最大深度再绘制:

regression

调参

CART和C4.5都是有超参数的,我们让它们作为sklearn.base.BaseEstimator的派生类,借助sklearn的GridSearchCV,就可以实现调参:

from plot import tree_plot
from CART import CARTClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_wine
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, GridSearchCV

wine = load_wine()
train_X, test_X, train_y, test_y = train_test_split(
    wine.data,
    wine.target,
    train_size=0.7,
)
model = CARTClassifier()
grid_param = {
    'max_depth': [2, 4, 6, 8, 10],
    'min_samples_leaf': [1, 3, 5, 7],
}

search = GridSearchCV(model, grid_param, n_jobs=4, verbose=5)
search.fit(train_X, train_y)
best_model = search.best_estimator_
print(search.best_params_, search.best_estimator_.score(test_X, test_y))
tree_plot(
    best_model,
    feature_names=wine.feature_names,
    target_names=wine.target_names,
)

输出最优参数和最优模型在测试集上的表现:

{'max_depth': 4, 'min_samples_leaf': 3} 0.8518518518518519

绘制对应的决策树:

wine

剪枝

在ID3和CART回归中加入了REP剪枝,C4.5则支持了PEP剪枝。

对IRIS数据集训练后的决策树进行PEP剪枝:

iris = load_iris()
model = C4_5Classifier()
X, y = iris.data, iris.target
train_X, test_X, train_y, test_y = train_test_split(X, y, train_size=0.7)
model.fit(train_X, train_y)
print(model.score(test_X, test_y))
tree_plot(model,
          filename="src/pre_prune",
          feature_names=iris.feature_names,
          target_names=iris.target_names)
model.pep_pruning()
print(model.score(test_X, test_y))
tree_plot(model,
          filename="src/post_prune",
          feature_names=iris.feature_names,
          target_names=iris.target_names,
)

剪枝前后的准确率分别为97.78%,100%,即泛化性能的提升:

prepre

Owner
Welt Xing
Undergraduate in AI school, Nanjing University. Main interest(for now): Machine learning and deep learning.
Welt Xing
This repository contains the code to predict house price using Linear Regression Method

House-Price-Prediction-Using-Linear-Regression The dataset I used for this personal project is from Kaggle uploaded by aariyan panchal. Link of Datase

0 Jan 28, 2022
Predict the output which should give a fair idea about the chances of admission for a student for a particular university

Predict the output which should give a fair idea about the chances of admission for a student for a particular university.

ArvindSandhu 1 Jan 11, 2022
A quick reference guide to the most commonly used patterns and functions in PySpark SQL

Using PySpark we can process data from Hadoop HDFS, AWS S3, and many file systems. PySpark also is used to process real-time data using Streaming and

Sundar Ramamurthy 53 Dec 21, 2022
Formulae is a Python library that implements Wilkinson's formulas for mixed-effects models.

formulae formulae is a Python library that implements Wilkinson's formulas for mixed-effects models. The main difference with other implementations li

34 Dec 21, 2022
LILLIE: Information Extraction and Database Integration Using Linguistics and Learning-Based Algorithms

LILLIE: Information Extraction and Database Integration Using Linguistics and Learning-Based Algorithms Based on the work by Smith et al. (2021) Query

5 Aug 06, 2022
Titanic Traveller Survivability Prediction

The aim of the mini project is predict whether or not a passenger survived based on attributes such as their age, sex, passenger class, where they embarked and more.

John Phillip 0 Jan 20, 2022
A Collection of Conference & School Notes in Machine Learning 🦄📝🎉

Machine Learning Conference & Summer School Notes. 🦄📝🎉

558 Dec 28, 2022
Flightfare-Prediction - It is a Flightfare Prediction Web Application Using Machine learning,Python and flask

Flight_fare-Prediction It is a Flight_fare Prediction Web Application Using Machine learning,Python and flask Using Machine leaning i have created a F

1 Dec 06, 2022
A repository to index and organize the latest machine learning courses found on YouTube.

📺 ML YouTube Courses At DAIR.AI we ❤️ open education. We are excited to share some of the best and most recent machine learning courses available on

DAIR.AI 9.6k Jan 01, 2023
Meerkat provides fast and flexible data structures for working with complex machine learning datasets.

Meerkat makes it easier for ML practitioners to interact with high-dimensional, multi-modal data. It provides simple abstractions for data inspection, model evaluation and model training supported by

Robustness Gym 115 Dec 12, 2022
Karate Club: An API Oriented Open-source Python Framework for Unsupervised Learning on Graphs (CIKM 2020)

Karate Club is an unsupervised machine learning extension library for NetworkX. Please look at the Documentation, relevant Paper, Promo Video, and Ext

Benedek Rozemberczki 1.8k Jan 03, 2023
Open source time series library for Python

PyFlux PyFlux is an open source time series library for Python. The library has a good array of modern time series models, as well as a flexible array

Ross Taylor 2k Jan 02, 2023
Pyomo is an object-oriented algebraic modeling language in Python for structured optimization problems.

Pyomo is a Python-based open-source software package that supports a diverse set of optimization capabilities for formulating and analyzing optimization models. Pyomo can be used to define symbolic p

Pyomo 1.4k Dec 28, 2022
UpliftML: A Python Package for Scalable Uplift Modeling

UpliftML is a Python package for scalable unconstrained and constrained uplift modeling from experimental data. To accommodate working with big data, the package uses PySpark and H2O models as base l

Booking.com 254 Dec 31, 2022
Pandas-method-chaining is a plugin for flake8 that provides method chaining linting for pandas code

pandas-method-chaining pandas-method-chaining is a plugin for flake8 that provides method chaining linting for pandas code. It is a fork from pandas-v

Francis 5 May 14, 2022
MaD GUI is a basis for graphical annotation and computational analysis of time series data.

MaD GUI Machine Learning and Data Analytics Graphical User Interface MaD GUI is a basis for graphical annotation and computational analysis of time se

Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab FAU 10 Dec 19, 2022
List of Data Science Cheatsheets to rule the world

Data Science Cheatsheets List of Data Science Cheatsheets to rule the world. Table of Contents Business Science Business Science Problem Framework Dat

Favio André Vázquez 11.7k Dec 30, 2022
Houseprices - Predict sales prices and practice feature engineering, RFs, and gradient boosting

House Prices - Advanced Regression Techniques Predicting House Prices with Machine Learning This project is build to enhance my knowledge about machin

1 Jan 01, 2022
Implementations of Machine Learning models, Regularizers, Optimizers and different Cost functions.

Linear Models Implementations of LinearRegression, LassoRegression and RidgeRegression with appropriate Regularizers and Optimizers. Linear Regression

Keivan Ipchi Hagh 1 Nov 22, 2021
A basic Ray Tracer that exploits numpy arrays and functions to work fast.

Python-Fast-Raytracer A basic Ray Tracer that exploits numpy arrays and functions to work fast. The code is written keeping as much readability as pos

Rafael de la Fuente 393 Dec 27, 2022