Django-Rest-and-Graphql

# 1. Django Project Setup With virtual environment:

mkdir {project_name}.

To install virtual Environment

sudo apt-get install python3-venv

To create virtual env directory

python3 -m venv djangoenv

to activate virtual environment

source djangoenv/bin/activate

To deactivate virtual environment

deactivate

Now we are installing Django in our virtual Env

pip install django

To Create a new Project

django-admin startproject {project_name} eg. django-admin startproject sample_project

This command is used to runsserver of django

python manage.py runserver

To create tables in database, by default we have a user table in django project

```
    python manage.py migrate ```
```

After adding we to apply migrate.

  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

Default this migration is apply on migrate

Now Our projects basic Setup is Done

This command is used to Create a Super user to access django default admin panel

python manage.py createsuperuser

To create a new application in our project

django-admin startapp {app_name}

After creating new app we have to add this app in installed_apps in settings.py file

----------------------------------------------------------------------------xxxxx---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Django REST Framework Setup :

First we have install django rest framework in our Virtual Environment

to install django rest framework in our Virtual Environment

pip install djangorestframework.

We can check what we have installed in our env

pip freeze

we have to add rest_framework in installed apps settings.py file

INSTALLED_APPS = [
            'django.contrib.admin',
            'django.contrib.auth',
            'django.contrib.contenttypes',
            'django.contrib.sessions',
            'django.contrib.messages',
            'django.contrib.staticfiles',
            'employee',   
            'rest_framework',
   ]

DRF CRUD Operation .

Create Serializer.py file in app.

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Employee

class EmployeeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
            model = Employee
            fields = '__all__'

We are creating Crud Operation with APIview class based

Go in th views.py file
CRUD(Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete)

class EmployeesCrud(APIView):
"""
View to list all users in the system.

* Requires token authentication.
* Only admin users are able to access this view.
"""
def get_object(self, pk):
  return Employee.objects.get(id=pk)
    ```
##### Creating class called EmployeeCrud and get_object method in it to get data 

##### Retrieve:

5. ``` 
 def get(self, request,pk=None, format=None):
    """
    Return a list of all users.
    """
    if pk is None:
      usernames = Employee.objects.all()
       print("usernames", usernames)
       serializer = EmployeeSerializer(usernames, many=True)
       return Response(serializer.data)
    else:
      employee = self.get_object(pk)
      serializer = EmployeeSerializer(employee)
      return Response(serializer.data)

with method we are creating fetch data api

Create:

def post(self, request, pk=None, format=None):
  """
  create a New Employee
  """
  serializer = EmployeeSerializer(data=request.data)
  if serializer.is_valid():
    serializer.save()
    return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
  return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

This method is used to create a new Entry in a table called Employee

Update (Put, Patch):

def patch(self, request, pk):
  """
  Update partially a New Employee
  """
  employeemodel_object = self.get_object(pk)
  serializer = EmployeeSerializer(employeemodel_object, data=request.data, partial=True) # set partial=True to update a data partially
  if serializer.is_valid():
    serializer.save()
    return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
  return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
  """
  update a Employee
  """
  employee = self.get_object(pk)
  serializer = EmployeeSerializer(employee, data=request.data)
  if serializer.is_valid():
    serializer.save()
    return Response(serializer.data)
  return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

These two method is used to update the Employee table entry, with Put method we update whole entry and with Patch Method we can update partial field update.

Delete:

def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
  """
  delete a Employee
  """
  employee = self.get_object(pk)
  employee.delete()
  return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

This method is used to delete a Entry

After Creating Class and method we have to create a url for it .

9 . In urls.py file of a Employee app

from employee import views

path('employee/', views.EmployeesCrud.as_view(), name='employeecrud'),

This url is used for without getting data by Id

path('employee/<int:pk>/', views.EmployeesCrud.as_view(), name='employeecrud')

this url is used when we update the particular data so we given ID for them so we created this url for that.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------xxxxx---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Graphql Setup and Create Queries and mutations.

To install in your Virtual Environment and Locally also

pip install graphene-django

Add graphene django to the installed apps in settings.py file of your Django Project

INSTALLED_APPS = [
            "django.contrib.staticfiles", # Required for GraphiQL
            "graphene_django”
]

We need to add a graphql URL to the urls.py file of your django Project.

from django.urls import path
from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView

urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('graphql/', GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True)),
        # path("graphql", csrf_exempt(GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql=True))),
        path('employee/', views.EmployeesCrud.as_view(), name='employeecrud'),
        path('employee/<int:pk>/', views.EmployeesCrud.as_view(), name='employeecrud')
]

Change `graphiql=True` to `graphiql=False` if you do not want to use the GraphiQL API browser.

Finally, define the schema location for Graphene in the Settings.py file of your Django project:

GRAPHENE = {
"SCHEMA": "sample_project.schema.schema"
}

Now our Basic Setup is Done.

First we have to create the types.py file in our APP eg: employee in my Sample_project.

We define the type of Every model for which we want to add Query or Mutation

import graphene
from graphene_django import DjangoObjectType

from employee.models import Employee

class EmployeeType(DjangoObjectType):
  class Meta:
    model = Employee
    fields = "__all__"

Now we create a schema.py file in our App . schema.py file is used to create a queries

import graphene
from employee.models import Employee
from employee import types
from employee.mutations import EmployeeCreate


class EmployeeList(graphene.ObjectType):
    employees = graphene.List(types.EmployeeType)
    employee = graphene.Field(types.EmployeeType, id=graphene.Int())

    def resolve_employees(root, info):
      return Employee.objects.all()

    def resolve_employee(root, info, id):
      try:
      employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)
      return employee
      except Employee.DoesNotExist:
      return None

Now we create a mutations.py file in our App. To create a Mutations

from logging import error
import graphene
from employee import types
from employee.models import Employee

class EmployeeCreate(graphene.Mutation):
  class Arguments:
    reg_no = graphene.Int(required=True)
    name = graphene.String(required=True)
    email = graphene.String(required=True)
    mobile = graphene.String(required=True)

  errors = graphene.String()
  employee = graphene.Field(types.EmployeeType)

  @staticmethod
  def mutate(root, info, reg_no, name, email, mobile):
    try:
    employee = Employee.objects.create(emplyee_regNo=reg_no,
    emplyee_name=name,
    employee_email=email,
    employee_mobile=mobile

    )
    return EmployeeCreate(employee=employee, errors=None)
    except:
    return EmployeeCreate(employee=None, errors="Arguments not Valid")

After creating mutation we should add this mutation class in schema file like this :

class EmployeeMutations(graphene.ObjectType):
''' Add Customer related Mutations here '''
    employee_create = EmployeeCreate.Field()

Now we create a new schema.py file in our project level so that we can run all queries and muatation.

import graphene
from graphene.types.mutation import Mutation
from employee import mutations
from employee.schema import EmployeeList
from employee.schema import EmployeeMutations

class Query(EmployeeList, graphene.ObjectType):
  pass

class Mutations(EmployeeMutations):
  pass

schema = graphene.Schema(Query, Mutations)

Now we can Run Our queries and mutations

To run Queries and Mutation . http://localhost:8000/graphql

Now To test Graphql API’s

In our app their is one tests.py file is already created so we write test cases here.

import json
from employee.models import Employee
from employee.schema import EmployeeList

from django.test import TestCase

from graphene.test import Client
from graphene_django.utils.testing import GraphQLTestCase


class MyFancyTestCase(GraphQLTestCase):
  def test_some_query(self):
    response = self.query(
    '''
    query {
    employees {
    id
    emplyeeName
    emplyeeRegno
    }
    }
    ''',
    )

    content = json.loads(response.content)

    # This validates the status code and if you get errors
    self.assertResponseNoErrors(response)

##### Add some more asserts if you like
  ...

  def test_query_with_variables(self):
    response = self.query(
    '''
    query employee($id: Int!){
    employee(id: $id) {
    id
    emplyeeRegno
    }
    }
    ''',
    variables={'id': 1}
    )

    content = json.loads(response.content)

    # This validates the status code and if you get errors
    self.assertResponseNoErrors(response)

You can run this test cases by:

python manage.py test

If your Test cases run successfully then out will be.

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.013s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

If any test case fail then error will be like:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
..F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_some_query (employee.tests.MyFancyTestCase)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/erangle/Downloads/projects/sample_project/employee/tests.py", line 63, in test_some_query
    self.assertResponseNoErrors(response)
  File "/home/erangle/Downloads/projects/sample_project/sample_project/lib/python3.6/site-packages/graphene_django/utils/testing.py", line 117, in assertResponseNoErrors
    self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 200, msg or content)
AssertionError: 400 != 200 : {'errors': [{'message': 'Cannot query field "name" on type "EmployeeType".', 'locations': [{'line': 5, 'column': 21}]}]}

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.016s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

Test case for basic Models testing

class EmployeeTest(TestCase):
""" Test module for Employee model """

  def setUp(self):
    Employee.objects.create(emplyee_regNo=2,
    emplyee_name="Ravi",
    employee_email="[email protected]",
    employee_mobile="7878788888")

    Employee.objects.create(emplyee_regNo=3,
    emplyee_name="ROom",
    employee_email="[email protected]",
    employee_mobile="7878788889")

  def testEmployeeEmail(self):
    employee2 = Employee.objects.get(emplyee_regNo=2)
    employee3 = Employee.objects.get(emplyee_regNo=3)
    self.assertEqual(
    employee2.get_email(), "ravi email address is [email protected]")
    self.assertEqual(
    employee3.get_email(), "ROom email address is [email protected]")

Django Project with Rest and Graphql API's

Related tags

Overview

Django-Rest-and-Graphql

To install virtual Environment

To create virtual env directory

to activate virtual environment

To deactivate virtual environment

Now we are installing Django in our virtual Env

To Create a new Project

This command is used to runsserver of django

To create tables in database, by default we have a user table in django project

This command is used to Create a Super user to access django default admin panel

To create a new application in our project

After creating new app we have to add this app in installed_apps in settings.py file

2. Django REST Framework Setup :

First we have install django rest framework in our Virtual Environment

to install django rest framework in our Virtual Environment

We can check what we have installed in our env

we have to add rest_framework in installed apps settings.py file

DRF CRUD Operation .

Create Serializer.py file in app.

We are creating Crud Operation with APIview class based

with method we are creating fetch data api

Create:

This method is used to create a new Entry in a table called Employee

Update (Put, Patch):

Delete:

After Creating Class and method we have to create a url for it .

3. Graphql Setup and Create Queries and mutations.

To install in your Virtual Environment and Locally also

Add graphene django to the installed apps in settings.py file of your Django Project

We need to add a graphql URL to the urls.py file of your django Project.

Change graphiql=True to graphiql=False if you do not want to use the GraphiQL API browser.

Finally, define the schema location for Graphene in the Settings.py file of your Django project:

First we have to create the types.py file in our APP eg: employee in my Sample_project.

We define the type of Every model for which we want to add Query or Mutation

Now we create a schema.py file in our App . schema.py file is used to create a queries

Now we create a mutations.py file in our App. To create a Mutations

After creating mutation we should add this mutation class in schema file like this :

Now we create a new schema.py file in our project level so that we can run all queries and muatation.

Now we can Run Our queries and mutations

Now To test Graphql API’s

In our app their is one tests.py file is already created so we write test cases here.

You can run this test cases by:

If your Test cases run successfully then out will be.

If any test case fail then error will be like:

Test case for basic Models testing

Owner

Shubham Agrawal

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Change `graphiql=True` to `graphiql=False` if you do not want to use the GraphiQL API browser.