From the protobuf wire format we can tell whether a specific field exists or not. And in protobuf 2 generated code, all fields have a "HasXXX" method to tell whether the field exists or not in code. However in proto 3, we lost that ability. E.g. now we can't tell if a int32 field is missing, or has a value of 0 (default for int32 type).

In many scenario, we need the ability to differentiate missing vs default value (basically nullable support for scalar types).

Feng suggest workarounds:

1. Use a wrapper message, such as google.protobuf.Int32Value. In proto3, message fields still have has-bits.
2. Use an oneof. For example: message Test1 { oneof a_oneof { int32 a = 1; } } then you can check test.getAOneofCase().

However, this requires change the message definition, which is a no go if you need to keep the message compatible while upgrade from proto2 to proto 3.

We need to add back the support to detect whether a scalar type field exist or not.

More discussion here: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/protobuf/6eJKPXXoJ88

I have a package foo that looks like this:

.
├── data
│   ├── a.proto
│   └── b.proto
└── generated
    ├── a_pb2.py
    ├── b_pb2.py
    └── __init__.py

# a.proto
package foo;

# b.proto
import "a.proto";

package foo;

Generate the code: protoc -I ./data --python_out=generated data/a.proto data/b.proto. Here is the failure:

Python 3.5.1 (default, Mar  3 2016, 09:29:07) 
[GCC 5.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from generated import b_pb2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/corentih/repro/generated/b_pb2.py", line 16, in <module>
    import a_pb2
ImportError: No module named 'a_pb2'

This is beacuse the generated code looks like this:

import a_pb2

If the import was relative it would actually work:

from . import a_pb2

quoting @jskeet: "There's suspicion the current version of C# protobufs won't work with Unity, but we can add another build target for that later when we find a need - we can create a new minor version of the NuGet package for that with no problems.

My experience with the "old" protobuf-csharp-port is that Unity on iOS has various issues, so I think we'll want to investigate them pretty thoroughly before trying to support it anyway - and we may need to conditionally compile out some features. We'll see... but I'd like to avoid having Unity support block a dotnetcore release."

also see #638

The glcoud-ruby project has an issue opened by a user (GoogleCloudPlatform/gcloud-ruby#712) that is unable to install the latest version due to the dependencies on the grpc and google-protobuf gems not installing on jruby. I am not able to get the google-protobuf gem to install using versions 9.1.1.0 or 9.0.0.0.

Here is the install on mac:

$ ruby -v
jruby 9.1.1.0 (2.3.0) 2016-05-19 fe84e89 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 25.91-b14 on 1.8.0_91-b14 +jit [darwin-x86_64]

$ gem install --ignore-dependencies google-protobuf -v 3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing google-protobuf:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/blowmage/.gem/repos/jruby-9.1.1.0-grpc/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/ext/google/protobuf_c
/Users/blowmage/.rubies/jruby-9.1.1.0/bin/jruby -r ./siteconf20160524-43044-1fuqmwb.rb extconf.rb
NotImplementedError: C extensions are not supported
    <top> at /Users/blowmage/.rubies/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/mkmf.rb:1
  require at org/jruby/RubyKernel.java:944
   (root) at /Users/blowmage/.rubies/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:1
    <top> at extconf.rb:3

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/blowmage/.gem/repos/jruby-9.1.1.0-grpc/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/blowmage/.gem/repos/jruby-9.1.1.0-grpc/extensions/universal-java-1.8/2.3.0/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/gem_make.out

Here is the install on linux:

$ ./bin/jruby -v
jruby 9.1.1.0 (2.3.0) 2016-05-19 fe84e89 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 24.95-b01 on 1.7.0_95-b00 +jit [linux-x86_64]

$ ./bin/jruby -S gem install --ignore-dependencies google-protobuf -v 3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing google-protobuf:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/ext/google/protobuf_c
/home/vagrant/jruby-9.1.1.0/bin/jruby -r ./siteconf20160524-3528-jeg3gw.rb extconf.rb
NotImplementedError: C extensions are not supported
    <top> at /home/vagrant/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/mkmf.rb:1
  require at org/jruby/RubyKernel.java:944
   (root) at /home/vagrant/jruby-9.1.1.0/lib/ruby/stdlib/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:1
    <top> at extconf.rb:3

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/vagrant/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/extensions/universal-java-1.7/2.3.0/google-protobuf-3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1/gem_make.out

IMO C# protobuf implementation could strongly benefit performance-wise from allowing some unsafe code.

Background

First of all I am not saying that unsafe should be enabled in every build/every platform, having 100% managed library is always a nice feature. All I am suggesting is again some conditional feature on some platform.

However there is a trend to move towards unsafe mixing we can observe in .NET Core. For example a lot of .NET Core libraries use unsafe code due to need to interop with different kind of unmanaged libraries or just to handle AOT compiled code.

API change

Today CodedInputStream works in two modes: streaming with byte[] buffer and with a fixed buffer.

It would be really nice to be able to provide byte * and length to CodedInputStream constructor.

Alternatively we could create an UnmanagedCodedInputStream which would work on unmanaged memory.

This would require to abstracting CodedInputStream as an interface

Affected APIs

Async API #3166 makes absolutely no sense for UnmanagedCodedInputStream because it assumes everything have been already read.

Benefits

1. It's extremely useful for interop (See scenario 1)
2. It can work with stackalloc (See scenario 2)
3. It allows even quicker deserialization we can quicker deserialize byte * to for example fixed-size primitive types by pointer dereference. (Endiannes might be a problem here)

Scenarios

Scenario 1. NoSQL Database

User is using native NoSQL database (for example RocksDB/LevelDB) and is using protobuf for data persistence. Database returns native allocated pointer with buffer. Instead of copying entire buffer to the memory user can deserialize record straight from the returned memory native memory and then free the pointer. Very little GC is involved and there is practically no overhead.

Scenario 2. Stackalloc-ated buffers

For performance reasons to decrease heap allocations and allocate buffer on stack. This scenario can be alternatively handled by Buffer Pooling, however stackalloc seems to be more efficient.

Affected by

https://github.com/dotnet/corefxlab/blob/master/docs/specs/span.md - this work in progress improvement can allow to achieve the same goals in a managed way by providing some platform improvements.

I know that unknown fields have been removed from proto3, but I am trying to get an explanation about why this change was made and if there is any way to replicate that behavior in proto3.

Thanks so much.

referred from golang/protobuf#25

This should work on Unity, Mono and .NET 3.5 as far as I'm aware. It won't work on platforms where reflection itself is prohibited, but that's a non-starter basically.

Creating a PR to start with, but I'd like to test it in other environments before merging. Once this is in, we can look at potentially officially supporting .NET 3.5 and Unity (#644).

This is very WIP/rough. I had to create a new ISpanMessage<T> interface, and some areas do not have full support for it yet (they are throwing NotSupportException right now).

Nothing has been done on the code gen side. The way the reader and writer are used compared to the streams is almost identitical so code gen changes should be minimal.

Perf numbers:

WriteToByteArray and ParseFromByteArray both allocate the byte array. This matches how serialization from gRPC works today.

WriteToBufferWriter writes to an IBufferWriter<byte> and doesn't allocate at all. For a small message CodedOutputWriter is slower than CodedOutputStream. It is faster for medium/large messages. Still some tuning to be done.

ParseFromReadOnlySequence reads from a sequence. Its allocations are related to creating the message and whatever strings exist on the message. Using CodedInputReader is consistently faster than CodedInputStream.

|                    Method |     Mean |     Error |    StdDev |   Median | Gen 0/1k Op | Gen 1/1k Op | Gen 2/1k Op | Allocated Memory/Op |
|-------------------------- |---------:|----------:|----------:|---------:|------------:|------------:|------------:|--------------------:|
|          WriteToByteArray | 377.5 ns | 11.210 ns | 32.876 ns | 370.3 ns |      0.0682 |           - |           - |               288 B |
|        ParseFromByteArray | 385.2 ns |  8.280 ns | 23.624 ns | 377.5 ns |      0.2666 |           - |           - |              1120 B |
|       WriteToBufferWriter | 294.0 ns |  3.658 ns |  3.421 ns | 293.6 ns |           - |           - |           - |                   - |
| ParseFromReadOnlySequence | 338.6 ns |  6.696 ns | 10.621 ns | 336.0 ns |      0.1903 |           - |           - |               800 B |

@jskeet @davidfowl @JunTaoLuo @jtattermusch

Example error for the google-cloud-logging==3.1.1 library using protobuf==4.21.0:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2 import __version__
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/__init__.py", line 25, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2.client import Client
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/client.py", line 25, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2._helpers import _add_defaults_to_filter
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/_helpers.py", line 25, in <module>
    from google.cloud.logging_v2.entries import LogEntry
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/logging_v2/entries.py", line 31, in <module>
    import google.cloud.audit.audit_log_pb2  # noqa: F401
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/cloud/audit/audit_log_pb2.py", line 62, in <module>
    _descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/protobuf/descriptor.py", line 560, in __new__
    _message.Message._CheckCalledFromGeneratedFile()
TypeError: Descriptors cannot not be created directly.
If this call came from a _pb2.py file, your generated code is out of date and must be regenerated with protoc >= 3.19.0.
If you cannot immediately regenerate your protos, some other possible workarounds are:
 1. Downgrade the protobuf package to 3.20.x or lower.
 2. Set PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION=python (but this will use pure-Python parsing and will be much slower).

More information: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/news/2022-05-06#python-updates

Note that this works fine with the previous protobuf==3.20.1 release.

To reproduce:

docker run -it python:3.10 /bin/bash
# Within the Docker container:
pip3 install google-cloud-logging==3.1.1 protobuf==4.21.0
python3 -c "import google.cloud.logging"

Hello there,

The following segmentation fault pops up upon running

ruby -e 'require "google/cloud/trace"'

inside of a Docker container based on ruby:2.5-alpine (alpine 3.7.0)

Gemfile.lock (partial)

    google-cloud-core (1.2.0)
      google-cloud-env (~> 1.0)
    google-cloud-env (1.0.1)
      faraday (~> 0.11)
    google-cloud-trace (0.31.0)
      google-cloud-core (~> 1.2)
      google-gax (~> 1.0)
      stackdriver-core (~> 1.3)
    google-gax (1.0.1)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.2)
      googleapis-common-protos (>= 1.3.5, < 2.0)
      googleauth (~> 0.6.2)
      grpc (>= 1.7.2, < 2.0)
      rly (~> 0.2.3)
    google-protobuf (3.5.1.2)
    googleapis-common-protos (1.3.7)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.0)
      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0)
      grpc (~> 1.0)
    googleapis-common-protos-types (1.0.1)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.0)
    googleauth (0.6.2)
      faraday (~> 0.12)
      jwt (>= 1.4, < 3.0)
      logging (~> 2.0)
      memoist (~> 0.12)
      multi_json (~> 1.11)
      os (~> 0.9)
      signet (~> 0.7)
    grpc (1.10.0)
      google-protobuf (~> 3.1)
      googleapis-common-protos-types (~> 1.0.0)
      googleauth (>= 0.5.1, < 0.7)

Ruby Segfault Dump

/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000016e16
ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029) [x86_64-linux-musl]

-- Control frame information -----------------------------------------------
c:0039 p:---- s:0240 e:000239 CFUNC  :msgclass
c:0038 p:0022 s:0236 e:000235 CLASS  /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15
c:0037 p:0007 s:0233 e:000232 CLASS  /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:14
c:0036 p:0033 s:0230 E:001380 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:13 [FINISH]
c:0035 p:---- s:0227 e:000226 CFUNC  :require
c:0034 p:0110 s:0222 e:000221 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0033 p:0013 s:0210 e:000209 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleapis-common-protos-types-1.0.1/lib/google/rpc/status_pb.rb:6 [FINISH]
c:0032 p:---- s:0207 e:000206 CFUNC  :require
c:0031 p:0110 s:0202 e:000201 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0030 p:0013 s:0190 e:000189 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils.rb:16 [FINISH]
c:0029 p:---- s:0187 e:000186 CFUNC  :require
c:0028 p:0110 s:0182 e:000181 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0027 p:0013 s:0170 e:000169 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/grpc.rb:31 [FINISH]
c:0026 p:---- s:0167 e:000166 CFUNC  :require
c:0025 p:0110 s:0162 e:000161 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0024 p:0013 s:0150 e:000149 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/errors.rb:32 [FINISH]
c:0023 p:---- s:0147 e:000146 CFUNC  :require
c:0022 p:0110 s:0142 e:000141 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0021 p:0013 s:0130 e:000129 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/api_callable.rb:32 [FINISH]
c:0020 p:---- s:0127 e:000126 CFUNC  :require
c:0019 p:0110 s:0122 e:000121 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0018 p:0006 s:0110 e:000109 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax.rb:30 [FINISH]
c:0017 p:---- s:0107 e:000106 CFUNC  :require
c:0016 p:0110 s:0102 e:000101 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0015 p:0020 s:0090 e:000089 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1/trace_service_client.rb:28 [FINISH]
c:0014 p:---- s:0087 e:000086 CFUNC  :require
c:0013 p:0110 s:0082 e:000081 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0012 p:0006 s:0070 e:000069 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1.rb:16 [FINISH]
c:0011 p:---- s:0067 e:000066 CFUNC  :require
c:0010 p:0110 s:0062 e:000061 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0009 p:0020 s:0050 e:000049 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/service.rb:18 [FINISH]
c:0008 p:---- s:0047 e:000046 CFUNC  :require
c:0007 p:0110 s:0042 e:000041 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59
c:0006 p:0062 s:0030 e:000029 TOP    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace.rb:24 [FINISH]
c:0005 p:---- s:0027 e:000026 CFUNC  :require
c:0004 p:0091 s:0022 e:000021 RESCUE /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:135
c:0003 p:0376 s:0018 e:000017 METHOD /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:39
c:0002 p:0006 s:0006 e:000005 EVAL   -e:1 [FINISH]
c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:000d00 (none) [FINISH]

-- Ruby level backtrace information ----------------------------------------
-e:1:in `<main>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:39:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:135:in `rescue in require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:135:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace.rb:24:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/service.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/v1/trace_service_client.rb:28:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax.rb:30:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/api_callable.rb:32:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/errors.rb:32:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-gax-1.0.1/lib/google/gax/grpc.rb:31:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/google_rpc_status_utils.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/googleapis-common-protos-types-1.0.1/lib/google/rpc/status_pb.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:59:in `require'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:14:in `<module:Google>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15:in `<module:Protobuf>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/any_pb.rb:15:in `msgclass'

-- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------
 RIP: 0x0000000000016e16 RBP: 0x00007ffda9865780 RSP: 0x00007ffda9865738
 RAX: 0x000000000000000a RBX: 0x000055d0f91e09c0 RCX: 0x0000000000000008
 RDX: 0x0000000000000001 RDI: 0x00007ffda9865740 RSI: 0x00007ffda986574e
  R8: 0x0000000000000003  R9: 0xffffffffffffffff R10: 0x0000000000000000
 R11: 0x000055d0f92be2c0 R12: 0x0000000000000000 R13: 0x0000000000000002
 R14: 0x00007ffda98657e8 R15: 0x000055d0f91e09c0 EFL: 0x0000000000010246

-- Other runtime information -----------------------------------------------

* Loaded script: -e

* Loaded features:

    0 enumerator.so
    1 thread.rb
    2 rational.so
    3 complex.so
    4 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
    5 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
    6 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/rbconfig.rb
    7 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/compatibility.rb
    8 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/defaults.rb
    9 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/deprecate.rb
   10 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/errors.rb
   11 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/version.rb
   12 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/requirement.rb
   13 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/platform.rb
   14 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/basic_specification.rb
   15 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/stub_specification.rb
   16 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/util/list.rb
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   18 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb
   19 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb
   20 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/common.rb
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   23 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/http.rb
   24 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/https.rb
   25 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/ldap.rb
   26 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/ldaps.rb
   27 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri/mailto.rb
   28 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/uri.rb
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   36 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/path_support.rb
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   40 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean/jaro_winkler.rb
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   43 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers/class_name_checker.rb
   44 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers/variable_name_checker.rb
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   50 /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.5.0/gems/did_you_mean-1.2.0/lib/did_you_mean.rb
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   60 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/forwardable/impl.rb
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   63 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/utils.rb
   64 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/options.rb
   65 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/connection.rb
   66 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/rack_builder.rb
   67 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/parameters.rb
   68 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/middleware.rb
   69 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/adapter.rb
   70 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/request.rb
   71 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/response.rb
   72 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multipart-post-2.0.0/lib/composite_io.rb
   73 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multipart-post-2.0.0/lib/parts.rb
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   75 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/error.rb
   76 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/autoload.rb
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   84 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/json/ext.rb
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   88 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
   89 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/socket.rb
   90 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/protocol.rb
   91 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
   92 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/exceptions.rb
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   95 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/generic_request.rb
   96 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/request.rb
   97 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/requests.rb
   98 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/response.rb
   99 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/responses.rb
  100 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/proxy_delta.rb
  101 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http/backward.rb
  102 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/http.rb
  103 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
  104 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/digest.rb
  105 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
  106 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/bn.rb
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  108 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/cipher.rb
  109 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/config.rb
  110 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/digest.rb
  111 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/x509.rb
  112 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/buffering.rb
  113 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
  114 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/ssl.rb
  115 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl/pkcs5.rb
  116 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/openssl.rb
  117 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/net/https.rb
  118 /usr/local/bundle/gems/faraday-0.12.2/lib/faraday/adapter/net_http.rb
  119 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-env-1.0.1/lib/google/cloud/env.rb
  120 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-env-1.0.1/lib/google/cloud/env/version.rb
  121 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-env-1.0.1/lib/google-cloud-env.rb
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  128 /usr/local/bundle/gems/public_suffix-3.0.2/lib/public_suffix/errors.rb
  129 /usr/local/bundle/gems/public_suffix-3.0.2/lib/public_suffix/rule.rb
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  140 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/multi_json/parse_error.rb
  141 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/multi_json/options_cache.rb
  142 /usr/local/bundle/gems/multi_json-1.13.1/lib/multi_json.rb
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  146 /usr/local/bundle/gems/jwt-1.5.6/lib/jwt/verify.rb
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  148 /usr/local/bundle/gems/jwt-1.5.6/lib/jwt.rb
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  171 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/nodes.rb
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  180 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/visitors/json_tree.rb
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  184 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/coder.rb
  185 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/core_ext.rb
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  187 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych/json/yaml_events.rb
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  191 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/psych.rb
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  194 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/credentials_loader.rb
  195 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/service_account.rb
  196 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/scope_util.rb
  197 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/user_refresh.rb
  198 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/default_credentials.rb
  199 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/application_default.rb
  200 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/client_id.rb
  201 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/credentials.rb
  202 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/user_authorizer.rb
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  204 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth/web_user_authorizer.rb
  205 /usr/local/bundle/gems/googleauth-0.6.2/lib/googleauth.rb
  206 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google-cloud-trace.rb
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  208 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/credentials.rb
  209 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/label_key.rb
  210 /usr/local/bundle/gems/stackdriver-core-1.3.0/lib/stackdriver/core/async_actor.rb
  211 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/async_reporter.rb
  212 /usr/local/bundle/gems/stackdriver-core-1.3.0/lib/stackdriver/core/trace_context.rb
  213 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/middleware.rb
  214 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/notifications.rb
  215 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/project.rb
  216 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-trace-0.31.0/lib/google/cloud/trace/result_set.rb
  217 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/English.rb
  218 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-cloud-core-1.2.0/lib/google/cloud/errors.rb
  219 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
  220 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/pathname.rb
  221 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
  222 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/date.rb
  223 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/time.rb
  224 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
  225 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/grpc.rb
  226 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/errors.rb
  227 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/logconfig.rb
  228 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/notifier.rb
  229 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/version.rb
  230 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/core/time_consts.rb
  231 /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/weakref.rb
  232 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/bidi_call.rb
  233 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/active_call.rb
  234 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/client_stub.rb
  235 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/rpc_desc.rb
  236 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/service.rb
  237 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/rpc_server.rb
  238 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/interceptor_registry.rb
  239 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/generic/interceptors.rb
  240 /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc.rb
  241 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/message_exts.rb
  242 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
  243 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf/repeated_field.rb
  244 /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/protobuf.rb

* Process memory map:

55d0f7453000-55d0f7454000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154456                     /usr/local/bin/ruby
55d0f7653000-55d0f7654000 r--p 00000000 08:06 154456                     /usr/local/bin/ruby
55d0f7654000-55d0f7655000 rw-p 00001000 08:06 154456                     /usr/local/bin/ruby
55d0f89e8000-55d0f9987000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [heap]
7f6c3bcb9000-7f6c3bd1a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3bd1a000-7f6c3bf70000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5929343                    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
7f6c3bf70000-7f6c3bf78000 r--p 00056000 08:06 5929343                    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
7f6c3bf78000-7f6c3bf7a000 rw-p 0005e000 08:06 5929343                    /usr/local/bundle/gems/google-protobuf-3.5.1.2-x86_64-linux/lib/google/2.5/protobuf_c.so
7f6c3bf7a000-7f6c3c169000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3c169000-7f6c3c5af000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 10524010                   /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
7f6c3c5af000-7f6c3c5c4000 r--p 00246000 08:06 10524010                   /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
7f6c3c5c4000-7f6c3c5cb000 rw-p 0025b000 08:06 10524010                   /usr/local/bundle/gems/grpc-1.10.0-x86_64-linux/src/ruby/lib/grpc/2.5/grpc_c.so
7f6c3c5cb000-7f6c3c5d0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3c5d0000-7f6c3c803000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155330                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
7f6c3c803000-7f6c3c804000 r--p 00033000 08:06 155330                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
7f6c3c804000-7f6c3c805000 rw-p 00034000 08:06 155330                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/date_core.so
7f6c3c805000-7f6c3c806000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3c806000-7f6c3ca0d000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155416                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
7f6c3ca0d000-7f6c3ca0e000 r--p 00007000 08:06 155416                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
7f6c3ca0e000-7f6c3ca0f000 rw-p 00008000 08:06 155416                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/pathname.so
7f6c3ca0f000-7f6c3cc15000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155429                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/strscan.so
7f6c3cc15000-7f6c3cc16000 r--p 00006000 08:06 155429                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/strscan.so
7f6c3cc16000-7f6c3cc17000 rw-p 00007000 08:06 155429                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/strscan.so
7f6c3cc17000-7f6c3ce30000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154434                     /usr/lib/libyaml-0.so.2.0.5
7f6c3ce30000-7f6c3ce31000 r--p 00019000 08:06 154434                     /usr/lib/libyaml-0.so.2.0.5
7f6c3ce31000-7f6c3ce32000 rw-p 0001a000 08:06 154434                     /usr/lib/libyaml-0.so.2.0.5
7f6c3ce32000-7f6c3d037000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155417                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/psych.so
7f6c3d037000-7f6c3d038000 r--p 00005000 08:06 155417                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/psych.so
7f6c3d038000-7f6c3d039000 rw-p 00006000 08:06 155417                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/psych.so
7f6c3d039000-7f6c3d239000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155407                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
7f6c3d239000-7f6c3d23a000 r--p 00000000 08:06 155407                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
7f6c3d23a000-7f6c3d23b000 rw-p 00001000 08:06 155407                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/nonblock.so
7f6c3d23b000-7f6c3d43e000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155338                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
7f6c3d43e000-7f6c3d43f000 r--p 00003000 08:06 155338                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
7f6c3d43f000-7f6c3d440000 rw-p 00004000 08:06 155338                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/digest.so
7f6c3d440000-7f6c3d7bf000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 9849394                    /lib/libcrypto.so.42.0.0
7f6c3d7bf000-7f6c3d7dc000 r--p 0017f000 08:06 9849394                    /lib/libcrypto.so.42.0.0
7f6c3d7dc000-7f6c3d7e2000 rw-p 0019c000 08:06 9849394                    /lib/libcrypto.so.42.0.0
7f6c3d7e2000-7f6c3d7e6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3d7e6000-7f6c3da2a000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 9849396                    /lib/libssl.so.44.0.1
7f6c3da2a000-7f6c3da2e000 r--p 00044000 08:06 9849396                    /lib/libssl.so.44.0.1
7f6c3da2e000-7f6c3da32000 rw-p 00048000 08:06 9849396                    /lib/libssl.so.44.0.1
7f6c3da32000-7f6c3dc86000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155415                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
7f6c3dc86000-7f6c3dc8a000 r--p 00054000 08:06 155415                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
7f6c3dc8a000-7f6c3dc8b000 rw-p 00058000 08:06 155415                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/openssl.so
7f6c3dc8b000-7f6c3de8d000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155399                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/windows_31j.so
7f6c3de8d000-7f6c3de8e000 r--p 00002000 08:06 155399                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/windows_31j.so
7f6c3de8e000-7f6c3de8f000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 155399                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/windows_31j.so
7f6c3de8f000-7f6c3e0a4000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 9849398                    /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
7f6c3e0a4000-7f6c3e0a5000 r--p 00015000 08:06 9849398                    /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
7f6c3e0a5000-7f6c3e0a6000 rw-p 00016000 08:06 9849398                    /lib/libz.so.1.2.11
7f6c3e0a6000-7f6c3e2b7000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155431                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
7f6c3e2b7000-7f6c3e2b8000 r--p 00011000 08:06 155431                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
7f6c3e2b8000-7f6c3e2b9000 rw-p 00012000 08:06 155431                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/zlib.so
7f6c3e2b9000-7f6c3e4ba000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155408                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
7f6c3e4ba000-7f6c3e4bb000 r--p 00001000 08:06 155408                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
7f6c3e4bb000-7f6c3e4bc000 rw-p 00002000 08:06 155408                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/io/wait.so
7f6c3e4bc000-7f6c3e6e8000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155427                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/socket.so
7f6c3e6e8000-7f6c3e6e9000 r--p 0002c000 08:06 155427                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/socket.so
7f6c3e6e9000-7f6c3e6ea000 rw-p 0002d000 08:06 155427                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/socket.so
7f6c3e6ea000-7f6c3e8f3000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155411                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/generator.so
7f6c3e8f3000-7f6c3e8f4000 r--p 00009000 08:06 155411                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/generator.so
7f6c3e8f4000-7f6c3e8f5000 rw-p 0000a000 08:06 155411                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/generator.so
7f6c3e8f5000-7f6c3eafa000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155412                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/parser.so
7f6c3eafa000-7f6c3eafb000 r--p 00005000 08:06 155412                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/parser.so
7f6c3eafb000-7f6c3eafc000 rw-p 00006000 08:06 155412                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/json/ext/parser.so
7f6c3eafc000-7f6c3ecfe000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155327                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/cgi/escape.so
7f6c3ecfe000-7f6c3ecff000 r--p 00002000 08:06 155327                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/cgi/escape.so
7f6c3ecff000-7f6c3ed00000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 155327                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/cgi/escape.so
7f6c3ed00000-7f6c3ef08000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155428                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/stringio.so
7f6c3ef08000-7f6c3ef09000 r--p 00008000 08:06 155428                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/stringio.so
7f6c3ef09000-7f6c3ef0a000 rw-p 00009000 08:06 155428                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/stringio.so
7f6c3ef0a000-7f6c3f10c000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155386                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
7f6c3f10c000-7f6c3f10d000 r--p 00002000 08:06 155386                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
7f6c3f10d000-7f6c3f10e000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 155386                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/trans/transdb.so
7f6c3f10e000-7f6c3f30f000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 155343                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
7f6c3f30f000-7f6c3f310000 r--p 00001000 08:06 155343                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
7f6c3f310000-7f6c3f311000 rw-p 00002000 08:06 155343                     /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl/enc/encdb.so
7f6c3f311000-7f6c3f824000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154493                     /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.2.5.1
7f6c3f824000-7f6c3f82c000 r--p 00313000 08:06 154493                     /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.2.5.1
7f6c3f82c000-7f6c3f82d000 rw-p 0031b000 08:06 154493                     /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.2.5.1
7f6c3f82d000-7f6c3f83b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f83b000-7f6c3f8c4000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 154211                     /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
7f6c3f8d2000-7f6c3f916000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f916000-7f6c3f9ba000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f9ba000-7f6c3f9bb000 r--s 00000000 08:06 9723329                    /etc/localtime
7f6c3f9bb000-7f6c3f9bd000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3f9bd000-7f6c3fac3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f6c3fac3000-7f6c3fac4000 r--p 00088000 08:06 154211                     /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
7f6c3fac4000-7f6c3fac5000 rw-p 00089000 08:06 154211                     /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
7f6c3fac5000-7f6c3fac8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7ffda984e000-7ffda986f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7ffda99f5000-7ffda99f8000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0                          [vvar]
7ffda99f8000-7ffda99fa000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]


[NOTE]
You may have encountered a bug in the Ruby interpreter or extension libraries.
Bug reports are welcome.
For details: http://www.ruby-lang.org/bugreport.html

Aborted (core dumped)

We are using protobuf through gRPC and would like to include in the message definition a value which is provided in the .proto file and not by the program. For example, something like that:

message SessionRequest {
    string version = 1 [constant="0.1.0"];
}

The purpose of such version is to make debugging easier: if communication fails, we can log the versions and use that to debug further.

test proto message: message MemoryLeakTestMsg{ repeated int32 numbers = 1; }

php test class: `class MemoryLeaktest{ protected $_memory_leak_test_msg; protected $_rand_arr = [];

public function __construct(){ $this->_memory_leak_test_msg = new MemoryLeakTestMsg();

for($i=0;$i<20;$i++){
	$this->_rand_arr[] = mt_rand(1,30000);
}

}

public function TestProto(){ $this->_memory_leak_test_msg->clear(); $this->_memory_leak_test_msg->setNumbers($this->_rand_arr); $this->_memory_leak_test_msg->serializeToJsonString() . "\n"; return $this->_memory_leak_test_msg; }

public function ResetProto(){ $this->_memory_leak_test_msg = new MemoryLeakTestMsg(); } }`

php script: `$start = microtime(true);

$test = new MemoryLeaktest();

$cnt = 0;

while (1){ $rt = $test->TestProto(); $cnt++; if($cnt % 100000 == 0){ $end = microtime(true); echo $cnt.'use time:'.round(($end-$start)*1000,2).'ms'."\n"; //$test->ResetProto(); //if open this code comments,the program will be ok } }` php version is 7.4.33, protobuf version is 3.21,centos 7.9 run the script with command 'php -f test.php' the program memoryusage will always bigger.

I run the same code in workerman https://github.com/walkor/workerman ,the process will crash with no memory to use

What version of protobuf and what language are you using? Version: 4.21.12 Language: Python

What operating system (Linux, Windows, ...) and version? Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS

What runtime / compiler are you using (e.g., python version or gcc version) Python 3.9.16 or Python 3.10.6

What did you do? Steps to reproduce the behavior:

1. Create a virtualenv: virtualenv .venv --python 3.10.6 (or similar)
2. Activate virtualenv: source .venv/bin/activate
3. Install protobuf==4.21.12: pip install protobuf==4.21.12 --no-cache-dir
4. See that it installs protobuf-4.21.12-cp37-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl

❯ pip install protobuf==4.21.12 --no-cache-dir
Collecting protobuf==4.21.12
  Downloading protobuf-4.21.12-cp37-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (409 kB)
...
Installing collected packages: protobuf
Successfully installed protobuf-4.21.12

What did you expect to see

That it would install a version of protobuf that's not tied to CPython 3.7.

What did you see instead?

It installs a manylinux wheel of Protobuf tied to CPython 3.7 (protobuf-4.21.12-cp37-abi3-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl). This is causing issues for me. Why is there no corresponding manylinux wheel for CPython 3.8, CPython 3.9, CPython 3.10? I see there's a wheel called protobuf-4.21.12-py3-none-any.whl and there are Windows wheels for them, but no such wheels for CPython 3.8, 3.9, 3.10 (See here: https://pypi.org/project/protobuf/4.21.12/#files).

Additionally, if you revert to 3.20.3, you do have wheels for those platforms, like: protobuf-3.20.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (See here: https://pypi.org/project/protobuf/3.20.3/#files).

Updated our version of rules_proto.

We were previously on a version that was nearly two years old: https://github.com/bazelbuild/rules_proto/commit/f7a30f6f80006b591fa7c437fe5a951eb10bcbcf

Hello!

I'm trying to build latest Protobuf 21.12 by using our custom compiler on system (AlmaLinux release 8.7) without system compiler and looks like it's impossible to accomplish.

We have gcc 12.1 compiled manually in /opt and I've tried using it to build Protobuf on system without system compiler at all:

gcc
-bash: gcc: command not found
g++
-bash: g++: command not found

I run configuration by specifying path to our C++ and C compiler binaries using standard environment variables CC and CXX mentioned in configures's help page:

Some influential environment variables:
  ...
  CC          C compiler command
  ...
  CXX         C++ compiler command

And it fails:

CC=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc CXX=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ ./configure --prefix=/opt/protobuf
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a race-free mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking whether UID '0' is supported by ustar format... yes
checking whether GID '0' is supported by ustar format... yes
checking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutar
checking whether make supports nested variables... (cached) yes
checking for gcc... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc option to enable C11 features... none needed
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking whether make supports the include directive... yes (GNU style)
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc... gcc3
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ option to enable C++11 features... none needed
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++... gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc -E
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
checking for clang... no
configure: error: in `/root/protobuf-21.12':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details

Them I've installed gcc and it changed to another error:

CC=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc CXX=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ ./configure --prefix=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/protobuf_3_15_7
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a race-free mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking whether UID '0' is supported by ustar format... yes
checking whether GID '0' is supported by ustar format... yes
checking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutar
checking whether make supports nested variables... (cached) yes
checking for gcc... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc option to enable C11 features... none needed
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking whether make supports the include directive... yes (GNU style)
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc... gcc3
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ option to enable C++11 features... none needed
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++... gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc -E
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... (cached) yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to enable C11 features... (cached) none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... (cached) yes
checking dependency style of gcc... (cached) gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ -E
checking for g++... no
checking for c++... no
checking for gpp... no
checking for aCC... no
checking for CC... no
checking for cxx... no
checking for cc++... no
checking for cl.exe... no
checking for FCC... no
checking for KCC... no
checking for RCC... no
checking for xlC_r... no
checking for xlC... no
checking for clang++... no
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... (cached) yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for g++ option to enable C++11 features... (cached) none needed
checking dependency style of g++... (cached) gcc3
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /lib/cpp
configure: error: in `/root/protobuf-21.12':
configure: error: C++ preprocessor "/lib/cpp" fails sanity check
See `config.log' for more details

Finally, it was configured successfully after I installed gcc-c++:

CC=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc CXX=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ ./configure --prefix=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/protobuf_3_15_7
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a race-free mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking whether UID '0' is supported by ustar format... yes
checking whether GID '0' is supported by ustar format... yes
checking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutar
checking whether make supports nested variables... (cached) yes
checking for gcc... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc option to enable C11 features... none needed
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking whether make supports the include directive... yes (GNU style)
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc... gcc3
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ option to enable C++11 features... none needed
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++... gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc -E
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... (cached) yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to enable C11 features... (cached) none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... (cached) yes
checking dependency style of gcc... (cached) gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ -E
checking for g++... g++
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... (cached) yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking for g++ option to enable C++11 features... (cached) none needed
checking dependency style of g++... (cached) gcc3
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configure: creating ./config.status
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=== configuring in third_party/googletest (/root/protobuf-21.12/third_party/googletest)
configure: running /bin/sh ./configure --disable-option-checking '--prefix=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/protobuf_3_15_7'  'CC=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc' 'CXX=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++' --cache-file=/dev/null --srcdir=.
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configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
=== configuring in googletest (/root/protobuf-21.12/third_party/googletest/googletest)
configure: running /bin/sh ./configure --disable-option-checking '--prefix=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/protobuf_3_15_7'  'CC=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc' 'CXX=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++' --cache-file=/dev/null --srcdir=.
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
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checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ accepts -g... yes
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checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B
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checking whether ln -s works... yes
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checking how to convert x86_64-pc-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop
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checking for file... file
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checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc object... ok
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no
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checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... yes
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ -E
checking for ld used by /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
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checking whether the /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
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checking whether the /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
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checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
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checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating scripts/gtest-config
config.status: creating build-aux/config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
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=== configuring in googlemock (/root/protobuf-21.12/third_party/googletest/googlemock)
configure: running /bin/sh ./configure --disable-option-checking '--prefix=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/protobuf_3_15_7'  'CC=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc' 'CXX=/opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++' --cache-file=/dev/null --srcdir=.
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
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checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc option to enable C11 features... none needed
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking whether make supports the include directive... yes (GNU style)
checking dependency style of /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc... gcc3
checking whether the compiler supports GNU C++... yes
checking whether /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ accepts -g... yes
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checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
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checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
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checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B
checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864
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checking how to convert x86_64-pc-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for file... file
checking for objdump... objdump
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking for dlltool... no
checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n
checking for ar... ar
checking for archiver @FILE support... @
checking for strip... strip
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checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc object... ok
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checking how to truncate binary pipes... /usr/bin/sed -e 4q
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checking for strings.h... yes
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checking for objdir... .libs
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... ./configure: line 9690: diff: command not found
no
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checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc static flag -static works... no
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... yes
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ -E
checking for ld used by /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) is GNU ld... yes
checking whether the /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking for /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ static flag -static works... no
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the /opt/fastnetmon-community/libraries/gcc1210/bin/g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking dynamic linker characteristics... (cached) GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking for python... :
checking for the pthreads library -lpthreads... no
checking whether pthreads work without any flags... no
checking whether pthreads work with -Kthread... no
checking whether pthreads work with -kthread... no
checking for the pthreads library -llthread... no
checking whether pthreads work with -pthread... yes
checking for joinable pthread attribute... PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
checking if more special flags are required for pthreads... no
checking whether to check for GCC pthread/shared inconsistencies... yes
checking whether -pthread is sufficient with -shared... yes
checking for gtest-config... no
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating scripts/gmock-config
config.status: creating build-aux/config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
config.status: executing libtool commands

My expectations that it should be possible to build Protobuf library on system without system compiler as configure offers all options for it.

Thank you!

What version of protobuf and what language are you using? Version: v3.19.4 Language: C++

What operating system Windows 10

What runtime / compiler are you using gcc 11.2

What did you do? See also example PlcNextGrpcTest.zip Steps to reproduce the behavior:

1. Create 2 proto files with same name in different directories. Content is the same or similar. Package is different for different namespaces. At least the service names in both files should be the same. See example: PlcNextGrpcTest\protos\Sample\world1\helloworld.proto and PlcNextGrpcTest\protos\Sample\world2\helloworld.proto
2. use protobuf and C++ plugin to generate C++ stub code. Please find already generated code at PlcNextGrpcTest\GrpcSimpleClient\src\GrpcStubs
3. Compile and link C++ code
4. See error

What did you expect to see Compile should succeed. No naming conflicts

What did you see instead?

error : CMakeFiles/GrpcSimpleClient.dir/src/GrpcStubs/world2/helloworld.pb.cc.o:(protodesc_cold+0x0): multiple definition of `TableStruct_helloworld_2eproto::offsets'; CMakeFiles/GrpcSimpleClient.dir/src/GrpcStubs/world1/helloworld.pb.cc.o:(protodesc_cold+0x0): first defined here(message from c:/sdks/.../11.2.0/real-ld.exe)
error : CMakeFiles/GrpcSimpleClient.dir/src/GrpcStubs/world2/helloworld.pb.cc.o:C:/m_git/PlcNextGrpcTest/GrpcSimpleClient/src/GrpcStubs/world2/helloworld.pb.cc:87: multiple definition of `descriptor_table_helloworld_2eproto'; CMakeFiles/GrpcSimpleClient.dir/src/GrpcStubs/world1/helloworld.pb.cc.o:C:/.../PlcNextGrpcTest/GrpcSimpleClient/src/GrpcStubs/world1/helloworld.pb.cc:87: first defined here(message from c:/.../11.2.0/real-ld.exe)

I wonder if the struct declaration and definition of TableStruct_helloworld_2eproto and definition of descriptor_table_helloworld_2eproto should be included in a namespace or its name should contain information of the package to make it unique.

Anything else we should know about your project / environment

• Attached example proto files are written as easy as possible. In our implementation we have different services with same name because of their purpose. But the messages inside are different.
• Since the service names are defined as interface before we cannot simply change the names to make them unambiguously and avoid this problem.
• Attached VS project uses a specific cross compile toolchain. You can use your gnu compiler instead if you need to compile the code.