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基于PMOS的过压保护(OVP)电路仿真
2022-07-17 18:16:00 【嵌入式创客工坊】
电路来源于工科男孙老师,B站视频链接:点击跳转
本次利用protues对其进行仿真验证,下图是电路模型

1.正常电压输入5V

电路输入5V时,电路正常导通,输入电压等于输出电压。此时输入电压小于稳压管稳压值,稳压二极管未工作在稳压状态。PNP三极管的BE间压差为0,不满足导通电压,因此此时三极管是关断的,所以PMOS的G极被R3下拉电阻下拉,此刻PMOS导通,因为Vgs<Vgs(th)。这里需要注意的是,正常工作时的Vgs应该等于输入电压,因此对于PMOS的选型需要注意其参数Vgs(th),保证在正常工作时能完全导通。
2.输入过压12V

电路输入12V时,电路被切断。(不知道为啥后面还有0.95V输出,是不是仿真软件有问题?)此时稳压二极管正常稳压,三极管电压Veb=输入--稳压值。只要Vbe大于导通电压,三极管就会导通,输入12V时,Veb=12--6.2=5.8V,显示是满足导通条件的,因此三极管导通此时电阻R3充当上拉电阻,将PMOS上拉到输入电压,导致Vgs=0,PMOS不导通,实现电路切断。
对电路总体分析,其实过压关断的电压值和稳压二极管的稳压值有关,其过压关断值=稳压值+三极管导通电压。三极管导通电压基本就是0.6到0.7V,所以对于过压保护电路设计,就是主要改变稳压管的稳压值去实现。对于R1、R2的取值也要注意,在稳压管稳压时,即电路过压时,应该保证通过稳压二极管的电流>1mA,因为稳压管正常稳压时电流不能过小。
下图是BZX84C系列稳管的稳压曲线图,在小电流时呈现线性稳压的趋势。

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