Build a home hand in hand NAS Universal Server （1）| Pre preparation and configuration selection

Original address ：CSDN post

1. Preface

Recently, when I was sorting out my previous materials and photos , Suddenly thought of , Is it convenient for the family to set up a home server by themselves . Then the author began to toss for half a month , Finally, such a server is launched , Improved various backup functions , At the same time, I also work part-time with computers （ Finally, I don't have to endure 4 The rotten notebook years ago ）.

Before setting up a home server , I used to spend a lot of time checking the market NAS Relevant information , Summarized some purchases finished product NAS The advantages of ：

• finished product NAS Save the trouble of assembling accessories by yourself , It has the advantage of out of the box
• Well known at present NAS brand , For example, Qunhui and weiunicom , To one's own family NAS The products will be equipped with perfect systems and App Support , Convenient for Xiaobai operation
• NAS Our after-sales service is usually better than our own after-sales service

But after a long ideological struggle , I finally decided to build a small server by myself , Instead of choosing to purchase finished products NAS, I will choose The reasons are listed below ：

• NAS The price is usually high , Accessories with higher performance can be purchased at the same price
• NAS Your system is usually bound , And mostly Linux Magic reform distribution of , It is not conducive to self tossing
• NAS You can see the head at a glance , A few hard disk bits are just a few hard disk bits , There is no possibility of increasing in the future

For the author , Because I have a certain Linux Experience , My daily use of computer is also ArchLinux Of , So I am more inclined to toss myself ; meanwhile , stay NAS Beyond our needs , Build for yourself Minecraft Server requirements , I also hope the server has certain performance . Take all the above into consideration , I finally chose to set up a home server , Abandon the direct purchase of finished products NAS The plan .

2. Hardware options

Since you choose to build your own server , Rounding means buying accessories by yourself , Group one “ Desktop computer ”.

2.1 CPU

stay CPU On the choice of , Due to the need for performance , So don't pull too far , But it doesn't need to be too strong .

My recommendation here is , Household grade ones are Intel Of 7、8 After generation , Should be able to cope with daily needs . Besides , If there is ECC The needs of , It is suggested to pick up a piece of Zhiqiang foreign garbage .

Personal configuration ：i3-10105. Compared with i3-10105f for , This one CPU There will be built-in nuclear display , Just omit the step of configuring unique display .CPU by 4C8H,TDP by 65W, Memory support DDR4 2666 MHz, It's the permanent of toothpaste factory 14nm chip .

2.2 a main board

Motherboard and CPU In fact, it is a binding relationship to some extent . and 10 Generation is not too old CPU, So there is nothing to repeat , Pick up a suitable motherboard .

If it is a Zhiqiang processor , Then you have to pick up the corresponding motherboard , But I'm too lazy to pick up garbage .

Personal configuration ： MICROSTAR B460M PRO.

2.3 The case

The chassis is in my mind , Of course, the smaller the better , At the same time, I hope there are enough trays . In this case , In fact, it is recommended to buy some NAS The case , perhaps ITX、ATX The case .

I chose a belt here 8 individual SATA Chassis of drawer and power supply backplane , It looks more like a server .

2.4 Memory

Simply last 32G Memory , For home servers , The specific parameters of memory are not very important , Just pick up a cheap one in JD .

Of course , If it is a Zhiqiang processor , Naturally, it's best to take a belt ECC Of memory , Can improve data security . hear DDR5 The beginning of the memory also began to bring checksum The function of , But obviously, my server can't enjoy this capability .

Personal configuration ： Guang Wei DDR4 3000MHz 16GB x 2. Don't ask me why CPU Only support 2666 But buy 3000 Of , Ask is Jingdong discount .

2.5 Dissipate heat

The heat dissipation is facing the chassis , Just take it easy .

Personal configuration ： benefit the people AXP-90 Of CPU Fan + Two cat fans are used as chassis fans . The actual experience of cat fan is really quiet , Otherwise, the chassis fan blows , It's unbearable to put it in the bedroom .

2.6 Hard disk

Home servers need to store things , Of course, the hard disk should be big .

Personal configuration ：

• Mechanical drive ： Seagate Exos 16TB x 2
• Solid state disk （ System disk ）： samsung pm9a1 1TB
• Solid state disk （ Read write cache disk ）： Made in Jingdong and jingzao 240GB

Here we use Seagate's enterprise disk , I also optimized it , It can be seen from the author's article ——SeaChest Utilities Tools , Make your hard disk low power consumption and long life .

The system disk uses the famous OEM disc ——pm9a1, The actual experience was pretty good .

As for jd.com, it's cheap SATA solid state , It's the mechanical hard disk for me SSD Read / write cached , To some extent, it can alleviate the problem of slow random reading and writing of mechanical hard disk .

2.7 network card

Remove a Gigabit wired network card from the motherboard , The author also added a wired network card with dual network ports , Then it goes straight to the virtual machine .

Personal configuration ： Onboard gigabit network card + Double network port RTL8111. Gigabit bandwidth is enough for families .

3. Hardware check

3.1 Hard disk bad track detection

The enterprise disk I bought was not bought from an agent , It was purchased from the pheasant store . For used hard drives , It is best to use the hard disk test software to check the bad path of the hard disk , Check out the hard disk SMART Information , Make sure the hard disk is in normal condition . For new hard drives , There is not much need to do too much testing .

The author uses HdTune Pro The software detects the bad track of the hard disk , Operation can refer to others CSDN article ： How to test hard disk software ,win10 How does the system use the hard disk detection tool HDTune【 Image & Text 】.

The author did benchmark speed test and fast error scanning , I didn't find too big a problem . meanwhile ,SMART There is not much attention in the information , Therefore, the hard disk should not win the prize this time .

4. Home networking

4.1 Apply for home broadband IP Address

This step depends on ISP Efficiency , Direct broadband manual customer service , Just ask them for one .

The author uses local broadband , It will be approved in about half a week .

In addition, I heard that the broadband of Telecom is relatively easy to get IPv4 Address , Unicom second , Moving is the hardest . Anyway IPv4 Can't get , At least take one IPv6. If you can't get it IP Address , Then you can only do intranet penetration in the future .

4.2 Home network topology

It's best to think about this step , Whether you need to use soft routing , And whether the router needs to use bridge mode instead of optical cat dialing . But this step is very complicated , There will be an opportunity to publish another issue of relevant content in the future .

In my family Wifi I've brought it with me DMZ host 、 Port mapping and DDNS The function of , Therefore, I still use the optical cat dial-up to get IP, Then the router maps the port of the home server , To expose their services to the public network .

DDNS Set up , It can be different according to your router , Search the Internet for related configurations . Author's tplink Bring it with you tplink Of ddns, See ：[ Cloud router ] TP-LINK DDNS How to use dynamic domain names . For other brands of routers , Usually, peanut shells can also be set DDNS service .

5. summary

This chapter is “ Build a home server hand in hand ” The beginning of the series , Mainly just describe the configuration choice of the author's own home server , And some pre preparations .

The next chapter begins , Start with the operating system of the server , Explain the author's own All-in-one Home server solution .

Interested readers , Please give me a compliment , Also welcome to discuss with me in the comment area ！