Adding Firebase Cloud Messaging Service into a Django Project

Overview

Adding Firebase Cloud Messaging Service into a Django Project

The aim of this repository is to provide a step-by-step guide and a basic project sample to implement FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging) feature into a django-based project.

Step 1: Create a Firebase Project

Goto firebase console and click on Add project to create a new firebase project. Since the goal of using firebase is its cloud messaging feature, you can disable Google Analytics.

Step 2: Download a JSON File Including Project's Credentials

Next to the Project Overview on the left menu there is a gear icon which redirects you to the project settings page.

Click on the gear icon and select Project settings

Then, click on Service accounts and then click on Generate new private key. Download and store the JSON file on your device.

Security Note: Do NOT keep this file inside the project root and never publish it on Github, Gitlab,...

Step 3: Install the fcm-django App

You can use any other package, or you can develope a custom app yourself, but, I prefer fcm-django because it is simple and single responsible!

pip install fcm-django

For communicating through API it is necessary to install Django Rest Framework:

pip install djangorestframework

Here are the package's repository on Github and its documentation:

Step 4: Install the firebase-admin Package

The firebase-admin is the official library from firebase that communicates with its services.

pip install firebase-admin

Step 5: Modifying Django Settings

Import initialize_app from firebase_admin in your setting file:

from firebase_admin import initialize_app

Add fcm_django and rest_framework to the INSTALLED_APPS:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # You Apps Here...
    'rest_framework', # For Rest API
    'fcm_django', # New
]

Add required configs for fcm-django app:

# Optional ONLY IF you have initialized a firebase app already:
# Visit https://firebase.google.com/docs/admin/setup/#python
# for more options for the following:
# Store an environment variable called GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS
# which is a path that point to a json file with your credentials.
# Additional arguments are available: credentials, options, name
FIREBASE_APP = initialize_app()
# To learn more, visit the docs here:
# https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/getting-started>

FCM_DJANGO_SETTINGS = {
     # default: _('FCM Django')
    "APP_VERBOSE_NAME": "[string for AppConfig's verbose_name]",
     # true if you want to have only one active device per registered user at a time
     # default: False
    "ONE_DEVICE_PER_USER": True/False,
     # devices to which notifications cannot be sent,
     # are deleted upon receiving error response from FCM
     # default: False
    "DELETE_INACTIVE_DEVICES": True/False,
}

Run the migrate command before running the server:

python manage.py migrate

Note: Before running the project make sure to set an environment variable named GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS to the path of your downloaded JSON file from firebase in Step 2.

Step 6: The Default Service Worker

For handling background notifications, when user is not focused on tab, it is required to have a service worker. Just create a file named firebase-messaging-sw.js and put it in root, so it should be accessible by /firebase-messaging-sw.js/ URL. In django you can put this file in templates and add following line of code in your root urls.py:

from django.urls import include, path
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = [
    ...,
    path("firebase-messaging-sw.js",
        TemplateView.as_view(
            template_name="firebase-messaging-sw.js",
            content_type="application/javascript",
        ),
        name="firebase-messaging-sw.js"
    ),
    ...
]

So the content of templates/firebase-messaging-sw.js is:

// [START initialize_firebase_in_sw]
// Give the service worker access to Firebase Messaging.
// Note that you can only use Firebase Messaging here, other Firebase libraries
// are not available in the service worker.
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/3.9.0/firebase-app.js');
importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/3.9.0/firebase-messaging.js');

// Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in the
// messagingSenderId.
firebase.initializeApp({
  // Replace messagingSenderId with yours
  'messagingSenderId': '504975596104'
});

// Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background
// messages.
const messaging = firebase.messaging();
// [END initialize_firebase_in_sw]

// If you would like to customize notifications that are received in the
// background (Web app is closed or not in browser focus) then you should
// implement this optional method.
// [START background_handler]
messaging.setBackgroundMessageHandler(function(payload) {
  console.log('[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ', payload);
  // Customize notification here
  payload = payload.data;
  const notificationTitle = payload.title;
  const notificationOptions = {
    body: payload.body,
    icon: payload.icon_url,
  };

  self.addEventListener('notificationclick', function (event) {
    event.notification.close();
    clients.openWindow(payload.url);
  });

  return self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle,
      notificationOptions);
});
// [END background_handler]

Step 7: Register User Devices

Registering the user device can be done by some JavaScript code which communicates with Firebase API. You can write a better, cleaner and more secure version of this code yourself. This is just for educational purposes.

">

<script src="https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/4.1.2/firebase.js">script>
<script>
    // Initialize Firebase
    // Firebase Console --> Settings --> General
    // --> Register App --> Copy firebaseConfig
    const firebaseConfig = {
        ...
    };


    firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig);

    // Firebase Messaging Service
    const messaging = firebase.messaging();
    function sendTokenToServer(currentToken) {
        if (!isTokenSentToServer()) {
            // The API Endpoint will be explained at step 8
            $.ajax({
                url: "/api/devices/",
                method: "POST",
                async: false,
                data: {
                    'registration_id': currentToken,
                    'type': 'web'
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    console.log(data);
                    setTokenSentToServer(true);
                },
                error: function (err) {
                    console.log(err);
                    setTokenSentToServer(false);
                }
            });

        } else {
            console.log('Token already sent to server so won\'t send it again ' +
                'unless it changes');
        }
    }

    function isTokenSentToServer() {
        return window.localStorage.getItem("sentToServer") === "1";
    }

    function setTokenSentToServer(sent) {
        if (sent) {
            window.localStorage.setItem("sentToServer", "1");
        } else {
            window.localStorage.setItem("sentToServer", "0");
        }
    }


    function requestPermission() {
        messaging.requestPermission().then(function () {
            console.log("Has permission!");
            resetUI();
        }).catch(function (err) {
            console.log('Unable to get permission to notify.', err);
        });
    }

    function resetUI() {
        console.log("In reset ui");
        messaging.getToken().then(function (currentToken) {
            console.log(currentToken);
            if (currentToken) {
                sendTokenToServer(currentToken);
            } else {
                setTokenSentToServer(false);
            }
        }).catch(function (err) {
            console.log(err);
            setTokenSentToServer(false);
        });
    }

    messaging.onTokenRefresh(function () {
        messaging.getToken().then(function (refreshedToken) {
            console.log("Token refreshed.");
            // Indicate that the new Instance ID token has not yet been sent to the
            // app server.
            setTokenSentToServer(false);
            // Send Instance ID token to app server.
            sendTokenToServer(refreshedToken);
            resetUI();
        }).catch(function (err) {
            console.log("Unable to retrieve refreshed token ", err);
        });
    });

    messaging.onMessage(function (payload) {
        payload = payload.data;
        // Create notification manually when user is focused on the tab
        const notificationTitle = payload.title;
        const notificationOptions = {
            body: payload.body,
            icon: payload.icon_url,
        };

        if (!("Notification" in window)) {
            console.log("This browser does not support system notifications");
        }
        // Let's check whether notification permissions have already been granted
        else if (Notification.permission === "granted") {
            // If it's okay let's create a notification
            var notification = new Notification(notificationTitle, notificationOptions);
            notification.onclick = function (event) {
                event.preventDefault(); // prevent the browser from focusing the Notification's tab
                window.open(payload.url, '_blank');
                notification.close();
            }
        }
    });


    requestPermission();
script>

Step 8: Prepare Create Device Endpoint

Simply you can add following code snippet to your root urls.py:

from fcm_django.api.rest_framework import FCMDeviceAuthorizedViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register('devices', FCMDeviceAuthorizedViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    # URLs will show up at 
   
    /devices
   
    # DRF browsable API which lists all available endpoints
    path('api/', include(router.urls)),
    # ...
]

Step 9: Sending Messages

Sending message to users is quite straightforward. First, create a Message object with your customized data, then send it to target devices:

from firebase_admin.messaging import Message
from fcm_django.models import FCMDevice

message_obj = Message(
    data={
        "Nick" : "Mario",
        "body" : "great match!",
        "Room" : "PortugalVSDenmark"
   },
)

# You can still use .filter() or any methods that return QuerySet (from the chain)
device = FCMDevice.objects.all().first()
# send_message parameters include: message, dry_run, app
device.send_message(message_obj)
# Boom!

Step 10: Important Notes

  • In the sample project login and register are not the responsibility of the notifications app. I just put it there for the sake of simplicity! So, please be careful in your real-life projects!

  • Users should login at least one time in order to receive notifications.

  • These code snippets and the sample project is just a tutorial to implement FCM in django project. You should consider your use-cases and read the documentations carefully.

  • Finally, if this tutorial was helpful to you, give me a star and share it with your friends.

Owner
Seyyed Ali Ayati
I'm 22 years old, interested in Python programming language and its libraries and frameworks, also in love with software and its development process!
Seyyed Ali Ayati
Imparare Django ricreando un sito facsimile a quello Flask

SitoPBG-Django Imparare Django ricreando un sito facsimile a quello Flask Note di utilizzo Necessita la valorizzazione delle seguenti variabili di amb

Mario Nardi 1 Dec 08, 2021
Django project starter on steroids: quickly create a Django app AND generate source code for data models + REST/GraphQL APIs (the generated code is auto-linted and has 100% test coverage).

Create Django App 💛 We're a Django project starter on steroids! One-line command to create a Django app with all the dependencies auto-installed AND

imagine.ai 68 Oct 19, 2022
Automatic caching and invalidation for Django models through the ORM.

Cache Machine Cache Machine provides automatic caching and invalidation for Django models through the ORM. For full docs, see https://cache-machine.re

846 Nov 26, 2022
Django query profiler - one profiler to rule them all. Shows queries, detects N+1 and gives recommendations on how to resolve them

Django Query Profiler This is a query profiler for Django applications, for helping developers answer the question "My Django code/page/API is slow, H

Django Query Profiler 116 Dec 15, 2022
Strawberry-django-plus - Enhanced Strawberry GraphQL integration with Django

strawberry-django-plus Enhanced Strawberry integration with Django. Built on top

BLB Ventures 138 Dec 28, 2022
Automatic class scheduler for Texas A&M written with Python+Django and React+Typescript

Rev Registration Description Rev Registration is an automatic class scheduler for Texas A&M, aimed at easing the process of course registration by gen

Aggie Coding Club 21 Nov 15, 2022
Automatically deletes old file for FileField and ImageField. It also deletes files on models instance deletion.

Django Cleanup Features The django-cleanup app automatically deletes files for FileField, ImageField and subclasses. When a FileField's value is chang

Ilya Shalyapin 838 Dec 30, 2022
Simple alternative to Doodle polls and scheduling (Python 3, Django 3, JavaScript)

What is jawanndenn? jawanndenn is a simple web application to schedule meetings and run polls, a libre alternative to Doodle. It is using the followin

Sebastian Pipping 169 Jan 06, 2023
django app that allows capture application metrics by each user individually

Django User Metrics django app that allows capture application metrics by each user individually, so after you can generate reports with aggregation o

Reiner Marquez 42 Apr 28, 2022
Docker django app

Hmmmmm... What I should write here? Maybe "Hello World". Hello World Build Docker compose: sudo docker-compose build Run Docker compose: sudo docker-

Andrew 0 Nov 10, 2022
Application made in Django to generate random passwords as based on certain criteria .

PASSWORD GENERATOR Welcome to Password Generator About The App Password Generator is an Open Source project brought to you by Iot Lab,KIIT and it brin

IoT Lab KIIT 3 Oct 21, 2021
Simple yet powerful and really extendable application for managing a blog within your Django Web site.

Django Blog Zinnia Simple yet powerful and really extendable application for managing a blog within your Django Web site. Zinnia has been made for pub

Julien Fache 2.1k Dec 24, 2022
Inject an ID into every log message from a Django request. ASGI compatible, integrates with Sentry, and works with Celery

Django GUID Now with ASGI support! Django GUID attaches a unique correlation ID/request ID to all your log outputs for every request. In other words,

snok 300 Dec 29, 2022
A quick way to add React components to your Django templates.

Django-React-Templatetags This django library allows you to add React (16+) components into your django templates. Features Include react components u

Fröjd Agency 408 Jan 08, 2023
Meta package to combine turbo-django and stimulus-django

Hotwire + Django This repository aims to help you integrate Hotwire with Django 🚀 Inspiration might be taken from @hotwired/hotwire-rails. We are sti

Hotwire for Django 31 Aug 09, 2022
A real-time photo feed using Django and Pusher

BUILD A PHOTO FEED USING DJANGO Here, we will learn about building a photo feed using Django. This is similar to instagram, but a stripped off version

samuel ogundipe 4 Jan 01, 2020
🌟 A social media made with Django and Python and Bulma. 🎉

Vitary A simple social media made with Django Installation 🛠️ Get the source code 💻 git clone https://github.com/foxy4096/Vitary.git Go the the dir

Aditya Priyadarshi 15 Aug 30, 2022
Media-Management with Grappelli

Django FileBrowser Media-Management with Grappelli. The FileBrowser is an extension to the Django administration interface in order to: browse directo

Patrick Kranzlmueller 913 Dec 28, 2022
Django-Docker - Django Installation Guide on Docker

Guía de instalación del Framework Django en Docker Introducción: Con esta guía p

Victor manuel torres 3 Dec 02, 2022
Login System Django

Login-System-Django Login System Using Django Tech Used Django Python Html Run Locally Clone project git clone https://link-to-project Get project for

Nandini Chhajed 6 Dec 12, 2021