Rust like Option and Result types in Python

Overview

Option

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Rust-like Option and Result types in Python, slotted and fully typed.

An Option type represents an optional value, every Option is either Some and contains Some value, or NONE

A Result type represents a value that might be an error. Every Result is either Ok and contains a success value, or Err and contains an error value.

Using an Option type forces you to deal with None values in your code and increase type safety.

Using a Result type simplifies error handling and reduces try except blocks.

Quick Start

from option import Result, Option, Ok, Err
from requests import get


def call_api(url, params) -> Result[dict, int]:
    result = get(url, params)
    code = result.status_code
    if code == 200:
        return Ok(result.json())
    return Err(code)


def calculate(url, params) -> Option[int]:
    return call_api(url, params).ok().map(len)


dict_len = calculate('https://example.com', {})

Install

Option can be installed from PyPi:

pip install option

Documentation

The documentation lives at https://mat1g3r.github.io/option/

License

MIT

Comments
  • Enable mypy strict mode + add build-system requires in pyproject.toml

    Enable mypy strict mode + add build-system requires in pyproject.toml

    • Added configuration for mypy strict mode in pyproject.toml
    • Added annotations for un-annotated parameters and return types

    Without strict mode, all un-annotated variables are treated as Any, which disables a lot of type safety checks, And it becomes annoying to use this if you have enabled strict mode yourself, because of all the errors that can only be fixed by modifying the code for the library.

    opened by saaketp 9
  • Bump typing-extensions from 4.3.0 to 4.4.0

    Bump typing-extensions from 4.3.0 to 4.4.0

    Bumps typing-extensions from 4.3.0 to 4.4.0.

    Changelog

    Sourced from typing-extensions's changelog.

    Release 4.4.0 (October 6, 2022)

    • Add typing_extensions.Any a backport of python 3.11's Any class which is subclassable at runtime. (backport from python/cpython#31841, by Shantanu and Jelle Zijlstra). Patch by James Hilton-Balfe (@​Gobot1234).
    • Add initial support for TypeVarLike default parameter, PEP 696. Patch by Marc Mueller (@​cdce8p).
    • Runtime support for PEP 698, adding typing_extensions.override. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
    • Add the infer_variance parameter to TypeVar, as specified in PEP 695. Patch by Jelle Zijlstra.
    Commits

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    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 4
  • Surprising behavior for option.Option.Some(None)

    Surprising behavior for option.Option.Some(None)

    I was learning this package to use in my own work. I was surprised by the behavior of this test:

        def test_ctor_some_but_none():
            sut = option.Some(None)
            # assert_that(sut.is_none)
            assert_that(sut.is_some)
    

    I'll be the first to admit that I do not fully understand the expectations for an Option type, but I expected option.Some(None) to behave similarly to option.maybe(None).

    What is the reason for this choice?

    opened by mrwizard82d1 3
  • Bump mypy from 0.971 to 0.982

    Bump mypy from 0.971 to 0.982

    Bumps mypy from 0.971 to 0.982.

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  • Bump sphinx from 5.1.1 to 5.2.3

    Bump sphinx from 5.1.1 to 5.2.3

    Bumps sphinx from 5.1.1 to 5.2.3.

    Release notes

    Sourced from sphinx's releases.

    v5.2.3

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.2

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.1

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.0

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    Changelog

    Sourced from sphinx's changelog.

    Release 5.2.3 (released Sep 30, 2022)

    • #10878: Fix base64 image embedding in sphinx.ext.imgmath
    • #10886: Add :nocontentsentry: flag and global domain table of contents entry control option. Patch by Adam Turner

    Release 5.2.2 (released Sep 27, 2022)

    • #10872: Restore link targets for autodoc modules to the top of content. Patch by Dominic Davis-Foster.

    Release 5.2.1 (released Sep 25, 2022)

    Bugs fixed

    • #10861: Always normalise the pycon3 lexer to pycon.
    • Fix using sphinx.ext.autosummary with modules containing titles in the module-level docstring.

    Release 5.2.0.post0 (released Sep 24, 2022)

    • Recreated source tarballs for Debian maintainers.

    Release 5.2.0 (released Sep 24, 2022)

    Dependencies

    • #10356: Sphinx now uses declarative metadata with pyproject.toml to create packages, using PyPA's flit project as a build backend. Patch by Adam Turner.

    Deprecated

    • #10843: Support for HTML 4 output. Patch by Adam Turner.

    Features added

    • #10738: napoleon: Add support for docstring types using 'of', like type of type. Example: tuple of int.
    • #10286: C++, support requires clauses not just between the template parameter lists and the declaration.

    ... (truncated)

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  • Bump pytest from 7.1.2 to 7.1.3

    Bump pytest from 7.1.2 to 7.1.3

    Bumps pytest from 7.1.2 to 7.1.3.

    Release notes

    Sourced from pytest's releases.

    7.1.3

    pytest 7.1.3 (2022-08-31)

    Bug Fixes

    • #10060: When running with --pdb, TestCase.tearDown is no longer called for tests when the class has been skipped via unittest.skip or pytest.mark.skip.
    • #10190: Invalid XML characters in setup or teardown error messages are now properly escaped for JUnit XML reports.
    • #10230: Ignore .py files created by pyproject.toml-based editable builds introduced in pip 21.3.
    • #3396: Doctests now respect the --import-mode flag.
    • #9514: Type-annotate FixtureRequest.param as Any as a stop gap measure until 8073{.interpreted-text role="issue"} is fixed.
    • #9791: Fixed a path handling code in rewrite.py that seems to work fine, but was incorrect and fails in some systems.
    • #9917: Fixed string representation for pytest.approx{.interpreted-text role="func"} when used to compare tuples.

    Improved Documentation

    • #9937: Explicit note that tmpdir{.interpreted-text role="fixture"} fixture is discouraged in favour of tmp_path{.interpreted-text role="fixture"}.

    Trivial/Internal Changes

    Commits
    • 4645bcd Remove incorrect output in how-to/fixtures.rst
    • fadfb4f Prepare release version 7.1.3
    • ab96ea8 Merge pull request #10258 from pytest-dev/backport-10252-to-7.1.x
    • fc0e024 [7.1.x] Fix regendoc
    • 8f5088f Merge pull request #10249 from pytest-dev/backport-10231-to-7.1.x
    • aae93d6 Ignore type-errors related to attr.asdict
    • 71b79fc [7.1.x] Ignore editable installation modules
    • 89f7518 Merge pull request #10222 from pytest-dev/backport-10171-to-7.1.x
    • 88fc45b [7.1.x] Update fixtures.rst w/ finalizer order
    • d0b53d6 Merge pull request #10221 from pytest-dev/backport-10217-to-7.1.x
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  • Bump sphinx from 5.0.2 to 5.1.0

    Bump sphinx from 5.0.2 to 5.1.0

    Bumps sphinx from 5.0.2 to 5.1.0.

    Release notes

    Sourced from sphinx's releases.

    v5.1.0

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    Changelog

    Sourced from sphinx's changelog.

    Release 5.1.0 (released Jul 24, 2022)

    Dependencies

    • #10656: Support Docutils 0.19_. Patch by Adam Turner.

    .. _Docutils 0.19: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/RELEASE-NOTES.html#release-0-19-2022-07-05

    Deprecated

    • #10467: Deprecated sphinx.util.stemmer in favour of snowballstemmer. Patch by Adam Turner.
    • #9856: Deprecated sphinx.ext.napoleon.iterators.

    Features added

    • #10444: html theme: Allow specifying multiple CSS files through the stylesheet setting in theme.conf or by setting html_style to an iterable of strings.
    • #10366: std domain: Add support for emphasising placeholders in :rst:dir:option directives through a new :confval:option_emphasise_placeholders configuration option.
    • #10439: std domain: Use the repr of some variables when displaying warnings, making whitespace issues easier to identify.
    • #10571: quickstart: Reduce content in the generated conf.py file. Patch by Pradyun Gedam.
    • #10648: LaTeX: CSS-named-alike additional :ref:'sphinxsetup' <latexsphinxsetup> keys allow to configure four separate border-widths, four paddings, four corner radii, a shadow (possibly inset), colours for border, background, shadow for each of the code-block, topic, attention, caution, danger, error and warning directives.
    • #10655: LaTeX: Explain non-standard encoding in LatinRules.xdy
    • #10599: HTML Theme: Wrap consecutive footnotes in an <aside> element when using Docutils 0.18 or later, to allow for easier styling. This matches the behaviour introduced in Docutils 0.19. Patch by Adam Turner.
    • #10518: config: Add include_patterns as the opposite of exclude_patterns. Patch by Adam Turner.

    Bugs fixed

    • #10594: HTML Theme: field term colons are doubled if using Docutils 0.18+
    • #10596: Build failure if Docutils version is 0.18 (not 0.18.1) due to missing Node.findall()
    • #10506: LaTeX: build error if highlighting inline code role in figure caption (refs: #10251)
    • #10634: Make -P (pdb) option work better with exceptions triggered from events

    ... (truncated)

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    dependencies 
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  • Bump mypy from 0.961 to 0.971

    Bump mypy from 0.961 to 0.971

    Bumps mypy from 0.961 to 0.971.

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    dependencies 
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  • Bump mypy from 0.971 to 0.991

    Bump mypy from 0.971 to 0.991

    Bumps mypy from 0.971 to 0.991.

    Commits
    • b7788fc Update version to remove "+dev" for releasing 0.991
    • 6077d19 manually CP typeshed #9130
    • ab0ea1e Fix crash with function redefinition (#14064)
    • 592a9ce Fix another crash with report generation on namespace packages (#14063)
    • 1650ae0 Update --no-warn-no-return docs for empty body changes (#14065)
    • b9daa31 Don't ignore errors in files passed on the command line (#14060)
    • 02fd8a5 Filter out wasm32 wheel in upload-pypi.py (#14035)
    • 131c8d7 Fix crash on inference with recursive alias to recursive instance (#14038)
    • 1368338 Change version to 0.991+dev in preparation for the point release
    • b71dc3d Remove +dev from version
    • Additional commits viewable in compare view

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    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
  • Bump pytest from 7.1.2 to 7.2.0

    Bump pytest from 7.1.2 to 7.2.0

    Bumps pytest from 7.1.2 to 7.2.0.

    Release notes

    Sourced from pytest's releases.

    7.2.0

    pytest 7.2.0 (2022-10-23)

    Deprecations

    • #10012: Update pytest.PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning{.interpreted-text role="class"} to a deprecation; it will raise an error in pytest 8.

    • #10396: pytest no longer depends on the py library. pytest provides a vendored copy of py.error and py.path modules but will use the py library if it is installed. If you need other py.* modules, continue to install the deprecated py library separately, otherwise it can usually be removed as a dependency.

    • #4562: Deprecate configuring hook specs/impls using attributes/marks.

      Instead use :pypytest.hookimpl{.interpreted-text role="func"} and :pypytest.hookspec{.interpreted-text role="func"}. For more details, see the docs <legacy-path-hooks-deprecated>{.interpreted-text role="ref"}.

    • #9886: The functionality for running tests written for nose has been officially deprecated.

      This includes:

      • Plain setup and teardown functions and methods: this might catch users by surprise, as setup() and teardown() are not pytest idioms, but part of the nose support.
      • Setup/teardown using the @​with_setup decorator.

      For more details, consult the deprecation docs <nose-deprecation>{.interpreted-text role="ref"}.

    Features

    • #9897: Added shell-style wildcard support to testpaths.

    Improvements

    • #10218: @pytest.mark.parametrize() (and similar functions) now accepts any Sequence[str] for the argument names, instead of just list[str] and tuple[str, ...].

      (Note that str, which is itself a Sequence[str], is still treated as a comma-delimited name list, as before).

    • #10381: The --no-showlocals flag has been added. This can be passed directly to tests to override --showlocals declared through addopts.

    • #3426: Assertion failures with strings in NFC and NFD forms that normalize to the same string now have a dedicated error message detailing the issue, and their utf-8 representation is expresed instead.

    • #7337: A warning is now emitted if a test function returns something other than [None]{.title-ref}. This prevents a common mistake among beginners that expect that returning a [bool]{.title-ref} (for example [return foo(a, b) == result]{.title-ref}) would cause a test to pass or fail, instead of using [assert]{.title-ref}.

    • #8508: Introduce multiline display for warning matching via :pypytest.warns{.interpreted-text role="func"} and enhance match comparison for :py_pytest._code.ExceptionInfo.match{.interpreted-text role="func"} as returned by :pypytest.raises{.interpreted-text role="func"}.

    • #8646: Improve :pypytest.raises{.interpreted-text role="func"}. Previously passing an empty tuple would give a confusing error. We now raise immediately with a more helpful message.

    • #9741: On Python 3.11, use the standard library's tomllib{.interpreted-text role="mod"} to parse TOML.

      tomli{.interpreted-text role="mod"}` is no longer a dependency on Python 3.11.

    • #9742: Display assertion message without escaped newline characters with -vv.

    • #9823: Improved error message that is shown when no collector is found for a given file.

    ... (truncated)

    Commits
    • 3af3f56 Prepare release version 7.2.0
    • bc2c3b6 Merge pull request #10408 from NateMeyvis/patch-2
    • d84ed48 Merge pull request #10409 from pytest-dev/asottile-patch-1
    • ffe49ac Merge pull request #10396 from pytest-dev/pylib-hax
    • d352098 allow jobs to pass if codecov.io fails
    • c5c562b Fix typos in CONTRIBUTING.rst
    • d543a45 add deprecation changelog for py library vendoring
    • f341a5c Merge pull request #10407 from NateMeyvis/patch-1
    • 1027dc8 [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks
    • 6b905ee Add note on tags to CONTRIBUTING.rst
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    dependencies 
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  • Bump sphinx from 5.1.1 to 5.3.0

    Bump sphinx from 5.1.1 to 5.3.0

    Bumps sphinx from 5.1.1 to 5.3.0.

    Release notes

    Sourced from sphinx's releases.

    v5.3.0

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.3

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.2

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.1

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    v5.2.0

    Changelog: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html

    Changelog

    Sourced from sphinx's changelog.

    Release 5.3.0 (released Oct 16, 2022)

    • #10759: LaTeX: add :confval:latex_table_style and support the 'booktabs', 'borderless', and 'colorrows' styles. (thanks to Stefan Wiehler for initial pull requests #6666, #6671)
    • #10840: One can cross-reference including an option value like :option:`--module=foobar```, :option:--module[=foobar]``` or ``:option:--module foobar```. Patch by Martin Liska.
    • #10881: autosectionlabel: Record the generated section label to the debug log.
    • #10268: Correctly URI-escape image filenames.
    • #10887: domains: Allow sections in all the content of all object description directives (e.g. :rst:dir:py:function). Patch by Adam Turner

    Release 5.2.3 (released Sep 30, 2022)

    • #10878: Fix base64 image embedding in sphinx.ext.imgmath
    • #10886: Add :nocontentsentry: flag and global domain table of contents entry control option. Patch by Adam Turner

    Release 5.2.2 (released Sep 27, 2022)

    • #10872: Restore link targets for autodoc modules to the top of content. Patch by Dominic Davis-Foster.

    Release 5.2.1 (released Sep 25, 2022)

    Bugs fixed

    • #10861: Always normalise the pycon3 lexer to pycon.
    • Fix using sphinx.ext.autosummary with modules containing titles in the module-level docstring.

    Release 5.2.0.post0 (released Sep 24, 2022)

    • Recreated source tarballs for Debian maintainers.

    Release 5.2.0 (released Sep 24, 2022)

    Dependencies

    • #10356: Sphinx now uses declarative metadata with pyproject.toml to create packages, using PyPA's flit project as a build backend. Patch by

    ... (truncated)

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    dependencies 
    opened by dependabot[bot] 0
  • Introduce a safe eval function

    Introduce a safe eval function

    Hi there - I love this little library, but I think some utility functions would really be beneficial for migrating exception code to using results.

    Some thoughts, similar to the dry-returns library, we should introduce a safe function for a following use case:

    Imagine refactoring this piece of (very hypothetical code):

    def foo(a, b, c):
        try:
            a(b, c)
        except ZeroDivisionError:
            raise ValueError("cannot divide by zero")
        except Exception:
            raise TypeError("What?")
    

    It can be very easily refactored with the introduction of safe function:

    from functools import wraps
    from option.result import Result
    
    def _safe(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def safe_chain(*args, **kwargs):
            z = Result.Ok(func)
            try:
                return z.map(lambda x: x(*args, **kwargs))
            except Exception as e:  # noqa
                return Result.Err(e)
        return safe_chain
    

    then refactoring foo becomes:

    
    def foo(a, b, c):
      a = _safe(a)
      rval = a(b, c)
      if rval.is_ok:
          return rval
      if rval.unwrap_err() is ZeroDivisionError:
          return Result.Err("cannot divide by zero")
      else:
          return Result.Err("what?")
    

    This works very well for languages that do not support try/except for control flows, which is something that can be mapped to non-Turing complete language subsets such as Starlark.

    Thoughts?

    opened by mahmoudimus 1
  • Typed Return Type for `flatmap` contradicts documentation

    Typed Return Type for `flatmap` contradicts documentation

    The documentation for flatmap states: "This is different than Option.map() because the result of the callback isn’t wrapped in a new Option." This test verifies that behavior:

        def test_flatmap_some():
            assert_that(option.Some(4).flatmap(lambda x: x + 1), equal_to(5))
    

    However, the return type of the function is specified to be Option[U].

    What is the expected behavior flatmap?

    opened by mrwizard82d1 5
Releases(v2.1.0)
  • v2.1.0(Apr 18, 2022)

    What's Changed

    • Update dependencies and copyright year by @MaT1g3R in https://github.com/MaT1g3R/option/pull/4
    • Remove support for python 3.6 by @MaT1g3R in https://github.com/MaT1g3R/option/pull/9
    • [no release] Remove coverage by @MaT1g3R in https://github.com/MaT1g3R/option/pull/10
    • Enable mypy strict mode + add build-system requires in pyproject.toml by @saaketp in https://github.com/MaT1g3R/option/pull/8

    New Contributors

    • @saaketp made their first contribution in https://github.com/MaT1g3R/option/pull/8

    Full Changelog: https://github.com/MaT1g3R/option/commits/v2.1.0

    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
Owner
You can find my public key here: https://github.com/MaT1g3R/dotfiles/blob/master/peijun.ma%40protonmail.com.pub
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