Interface automated testing: postman practical tutorial

01 The interface test

（1） Server side （server）： Using someone else's server , For example, wechat APP client , The server is on the server of Tencent , Account information on wechat , Chat records are stored on the server ; user A send out 1 Messages to the server , The server then forwards this message to the user B On .

The languages used by the server are ：Java、Python、PHP、Go、C、C++ wait

（2） client （client）： On the phone APP, Website

The languages used by the client are ：object-c（IOS）、Android、HTML、CSS、JS wait

（3） Interface ： Interacting with the server through the client

（4） So many languages , Cause unrecognizable , Common data types are needed for parsing ：json{}, No, json Previously used XML Format

XML ： Common data types

<title> The interface test 

<content> The server and the client need interfaces to interact </content>

JSON ： Common data types , Show as a key value pair ：

{
"title" : " The interface test ",
"content" : " The server and the client need interfaces to communicate 
}

02 How to test the interface

1、 Interface ： The client and server interact , And the data returned by the interface is generally json The data type of the format .

2、 The basic steps of interface test are as follows ：

In the interface documentation or elsewhere , Get the interface URL Address

See how the interface requests （ for example ：get and post request ）

Add request header , Request body

Send to see the returned results , Check whether the returned result is correct

3、 Open the interface document （ Reference resources ：doc.nnzhp.cn）

（1）URL

（2） Request mode

（3） Request parameters

（4）get request

On the browser , Directly enter the request in the interface document URL：http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info, Page error prompt “ Required parameters are not filled in ！ Please check the interface documentation ！”（ As shown in the figure ）

Based on url An error is reported if the link does not contain required parameters , Therefore, it is necessary to URL Fill in the required parameters ：http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info?stu_name=%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%8E

When there are multiple required parameters , Need to be in URL Add other required parameters in “&” Splicing , for example ：http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info?stu_name=%E5%B0%8F%E6%98%8E&age=25

machine learning PAI Console ：https://pai.data.aliyun.com/console?regionId=ap-southeast-1&commodityId=&projectId=&deployFrom=&modelPath=&type=#/eas

（5）post request

Copy URL Open in browser , Report errors “ Wrong way to request ！ Please check the interface documentation ”, For example, as shown in the figure

At this time, we need the help of postman Interface tools for testing , Prerequisite ： Need to install locally postman Application software （ Be careful ： If it is POST request , choice Params Fill in the parameters , At this time URL The parameter information will be automatically carried in , This request method should be GET Request mode instead of POST request , Pictured ：）

POST request , You should choose Body Options , Check “form-data” perhaps “x-www-form-urlencoded” Fill in the required parameters , As shown in the figure ：

POST request , User registration , Pictured ：

POST request , The parameter for json type , Pictured ：

Query whether the student information exists ：

POST request ,Body choice form-data,Key from Text Switch File Format , Upload files ,（ Be careful ：x-www-form-urlencoded No, File Format , Only Text Options , Cannot upload multimedia files ） Pictured ：

4、 The browser captures packets

（1） Browser open check or developer tools , Or check the console for elements

（2） Generally, view the calling interface Network（ The Internet ） Below XHR Which interfaces are called

（3） request url：https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qunwelcome/myinfo?callback=?&bkn=682554596

（4） utilize Postman The interface tool calls the interface ：get_group_list

（5） Interface search_group_members , Interface test with multiple parameters ：

（6）cookie and session

cookie： A key value pair that stores its own local information data in the browser （key-value） The place of

Storage time ： Set as required

Save the location ： client

session： A key value pair stored in the server

Storage time ： User activity time + A delay time （ Prompt the user to save time when logging in 7 Days time ）

Save the location ： Server side

5、GET Request mode and POST Difference in request mode ：

（1）GET The request has no body , Just request the header and URL：host/api/xxx?name=xxx

（2）POST A request has a request header 、 Request body

（3）GET The request did not POST Request security

（4）GET The request has a parameter length limit ,POST No,

03 postman Interface automation

1、 Test the bank project 、 Financial projects will encounter encryption parameters , need ：
（1） Parameter remove encryption

（2） Provide a tool , Generate encrypted parameters

（3） Know the encryption algorithm by yourself , Then encrypt by yourself

2、Postman Manually configure the environment variables in the ：

（1） stay Postman in , Yes Environment and Environment, For the management of different environments , Different server environments are ：

Production Production environment

Development development environment

Local Local LAN environment

（2） Environment quick view , Pictured 1 Shown ：

（3） Use Environment Implement multi service version management , Click on the settings in the upper right corner , Click on 【Manage Environments】, Sum graph 2 Shown ：

（4） In the pop-up window 【MANAGE ENVIRONMENTS】 In the interface , In the lower right corner, click “Add”, Pictured ：

（5） stay “Add Environment” in , Fill in the variable name and value , Pictured ：

（6） After configuring the variable name and value , You can ask for URL Parameterization in ：

（6） Write a script , Script parameterization , Like

（7） Click on runner, Configure operating parameters , Like ：

（8） View the final running results , Status code for 200 ok, Indicates successful operation , Pictured ：

There is a field in the figure that is ：“This requests does not have any tests.”

Need to check ：

First step ： Check whether the variable name corresponds to ;

The second step ： Whether you clicked save , Click again Runner

The third step ： Whether verification has been added

（9） Add validation , Setup check

（10） postman Assertion ：

（11） Click on 【Tests】 Button , There is one in the right column snippets bar , Inside is postman Built in test script , Auxiliary interface test ：

A： Judge status code

Status code : Code is 200

The corresponding script ：

pm.test("Status code is 200", function () {
 pm.response.to.have.status(200);
  );

B： Back to response Include content

Response body : Containing string

  The corresponding script ：

 pm.test("Body matches string", function () {
  pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include("string_you_want_to_search");
     });

C： Back to json The value in the data

Response body : JSON value check

   The corresponding script is ： 

pm.test("Your test name", function () {
       var jsonData = pm.response.json();
       pm.expect(jsonData.value).to.eql(100);
       });

D： The content of the response is equal to a string

Response body : is equal to a string

The corresponding script ：

   pm.test("Body is correct", function () {
   pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string");
   });

E： Check whether there is... In the response header Content-Type Field

Response headers : Content-Type header check

The corresponding script ：

   pm.test("Content-Type is present", function () {
   pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type");
    });

F： Judge that the response time is less than 200MS

Response time is less than 200ms

    The corresponding script ：

   pm.test("Response time is less than 200ms", function () {
   pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(200);
    });

（12） Creating a new collection makes it easy to group individual requests , Pictured ：

04 HTTP

1、http and https The difference ：

Different security ：

http： ordinary http request ,, Message plaintext transmission message , unsafe ;

https： Having security ssl Encrypted transport protocol , Encrypt communication between browser and server , Ensure the security of data transmission ;

The connection is different ：

http The connection is simple , It's stateless ;

https By SSL＋HTTP The protocol is built for encrypted transmission 、 Network protocol for identity authentication ;

Different ports ：

http agreement ： The port used is 80;

https agreement ： The port used is 443;

Certificate application is different ：

http agreement ： Free application ;

https agreement ： Need to ca Apply for a certificate , Generally there are few free certificates , You need to pay a fee .

2、 Generally complete URL by ：http://192.168.13.3:80 host/ip:port/api/user/add_stu uri

3、 Interface HTTP Parameters

http Request mode ：

get — By request URL Get resources

POST — For adding new content

PUT — Used to modify something

DELETE— Delete something

CONNECT— For proxy transmission , If you use SSL

OPTIONS— Ask what you can do

PATCH— Some document changes

PROPFIND（WebDAV）— View the properties

PROPPATCH（WebDAV）— Set properties

MKCOL（WebDAV）— Create set （ Folder ）

COPY（WebDAV）— Copy

MOVE（WebDAV）— Move

LOCK（WebDAV）— Lock

UNLOCK（WebDAV）— Unlock

TRACE — For remote diagnostic server

HEAD — Be similar to GET, But not back body Information , Used to check whether an object exists , And get the metadata of the object

http Request header （headers）

The request header contains a lot of useful information about the client environment and the request body . As shown in the figure ： For example, language category and status code

http Request body （body）： The request body is the body of the request .

json Format

xml Format

html Format

Binary format （ Mostly used for pictures ）

String format

4、 The user interface can be through the following 4 Two different ways of asking to do different things ：

（1） get data , use “GET” The way , Successfully returned HTTP Status code ：200

（2） Create data , use “POST” The way , Successfully returned HTTP Status code ：201

（3） Modifying data , use “PUT” The way , Successfully returned HTTP Status code ：203

（4） Delete data , use “DELETE” The way , Successfully returned HTTP Status code ：204

5、HTTP State ：

（1） The request message （1 initial ） for example ：100 Continue（ Please continue to ）

（2） The request is successful （2 initial ） for example ：200 OK（ Request succeeded ）

（3） Redirect （3 initial ） for example ：300 Multiple Choice（ Multiple choice , A list of options is returned ）

（4） Client request error （4 initial ） for example ：400 Bad Request （ Wrong request ） 403 Forbidden（ prohibit ） 404 Not Found（ Can't find ）

（5） Server error （5、6 The beginning of a word ） for example ：500 Internal Server（ internal error ） 502 Bad Gateway（ The agent or gateway does not respond to the next link ）

Detailed view HTTP Status code 、HTTP Status Code、HTTP Common status code queries ：https://tool.oschina.net/commons?type=5

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