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20220725 自动控制原理中的补偿器
2022-07-26 06:54:00 【能吃辣吗】
Bode图的幅频定义
幅值的定义是 20 log ∣ G ( j ω i ) ∣ 20\log |G(j\omega_i)| 20log∣G(jωi)∣
因此,0 dB指幅值不变。
另外,起点,即 ω i = 0 \omega_i=0 ωi=0 时,可以利用 s = 0 s=0 s=0 计算dB数。
尾1形式,有助于规律记忆
写成尾1形式更容易记住规律。
一阶系统 G ( s ) = 1 1 a s + 1 G(s)=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}s+1} G(s)=a1s+11, a a a 是截至频率
起点: G ( s ) = 1 G(s)=1 G(s)=1,即 0 dB。
大概猜一下:当 ω i \omega_i ωi 较小,起点占主导;当 ω i \omega_i ωi 较大,退化为 G ( s ) = 1 s G(s)=\frac{1}{s} G(s)=s1,也就是积分环节,积分环节幅值是一条斜率 -20 dB 的斜线,滞后 90°。
当 a = 5 a=5 a=5 rad/sec,Bode图如下

当 a = 10 a=10 a=10 rad/sec,Bode图如下

注1:截至频率越大,对于高频信号的保真也就越好,也就是说系统的反应能力更快。给一个阶跃,其调节时间也就越短。
注2:左边是从0 dB开始的,符合之前的猜测。
PD系统 G ( s ) = 1 a s + 1 G(s)={\frac{1}{a}s+1} G(s)=a1s+1
起点: G ( s ) = 1 G(s)=1 G(s)=1,即 0 dB。
大概猜一下:当 ω i \omega_i ωi 较小,起点占主导;当 ω i \omega_i ωi 较大,退化为 G ( s ) = s G(s)={s} G(s)=s,也就是微分环节,微分环节幅值是一条斜率 20 dB 的斜线,超前 90°。
当 a = 5 a=5 a=5 rad/sec,Bode图如下
超前补偿器 G ( s ) = s + 5 s + 10 G(s)=\frac{s+5}{s+10} G(s)=s+10s+5
先写成尾1形式,即 G ( s ) = 5 10 ( 1 5 s + 1 ) 1 1 10 s + 1 G(s)=\frac{5}{10}(\frac{1}{5}s+1)\frac{1}{\frac{1}{10}s+1} G(s)=105(51s+1)101s+11这是纯比例+PD+一阶系统
猜测环节:当 ω i \omega_i ωi 很小时,纯比例起作用,即幅值为 20 log 5 10 20\log \frac{5}{10} 20log105;当 ω i = 5 \omega_i=5 ωi=5 和 ω i = 10 \omega_i=10 ωi=10,PD和一阶系统分别起作用。
G ( s ) = 5 10 G(s)=\frac{5}{10} G(s)=105的Bode图如下:
G ( s ) = 1 5 s + 1 G(s)=\frac{1}{5}s+1 G(s)=51s+1的Bode图如下:
G ( s ) = 1 10 s + 1 G(s)=\frac{1}{10}s+1 G(s)=101s+1的Bode图如下:
G ( s ) = s + 5 s + 10 G(s)=\frac{s+5}{s+10} G(s)=s+10s+5的Bode图是以上三幅图的叠加,如下:

滞后补偿器 G ( s ) = s + 10 s + 5 G(s)=\frac{s+10}{s+5} G(s)=s+5s+10

口诀:写成尾1形式,找到关键频率,分母幅值向下,分子幅值向上。
技巧:对于最小相位系统而言,Phase大概呈现出Magnitude的斜率。
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