Meta universe infrastructure: analysis of the advantages of Web 3.0 chain33

WEB 3.0 chain33  Advantage analysis

One 、 Compatible with Ethereum （ advantage ： Compatibility and development costs are 100 times lower ）

Use  Solidity  Develop smart contracts and deploy them in  EVM  Virtual machine is the mainstream development of Ethereum ecosystem

Pattern , At present, it seems that being incompatible with Ethereum or being unable to cross the chain with Ethereum may be a path of no return , Because programmers are the most expensive

Of , Shared standards and codes , Reducing repeated development is the best choice .

chain33  Adopted  web3.js  standard , And Ethereum  100% compatible  https://github.com/33cn/chain33

Two 、 Main chain parallel chain architecture （ advantage ： Smart contracts run on parallel chains , Division of labor

function , The performance of the main chain is 100 times improved ）

2.1  Backup of key data main chain , Shared security , Complex smart contracts on parallel chains

It will not cause the performance bottleneck of the main chain

All nodes on Ethereum should run all smart contracts , Is the biggest bottleneck of performance , Although Ethereum  2.0  Meeting

use  100  Chain to disperse and reduce the load , But single chain consensus nodes are also reduced  100  times , Consensus nodes still need to be smart

Can contract . And use the main chain parallel chain structure , The main chain is responsible for the storage of consensus and key data , Consensus performance can be improved at least

10  to  100  times , The minimum number of parallel chain nodes can be  3  Nodes （ Have a pass ） Or a node （ Only deposit certificates ）,

Parallel chain can realize shared main chain security at the same time 、 Minimum operating cost 、 Three goals of independent and flexible operation , And parallel

The number of chains can be thousands , The parallel chain architecture provides technical support for the expansion of the whole main chain ecosystem .

2.2  Smart contracts run on parallel chains , You can use native programming language to develop complex

Miscellaneous smart contracts

Each parallel chain only synchronizes its own data and only runs smart contracts on its own parallel chain , Reducing costs also raises

High operational efficiency , Not only can you use  EVM  and  WASM, It can also be used.  GO  The native complexity of language development is high

Can contract , More efficient execution , Such as matching transactions with higher performance requirements . But because the main data of all parallel chains

All recorded on the main chain , Security of sharing a main chain , High cross chain efficiency between parallel chains and with the main chain is also more guaranteed

It's safe .

2.3  Fragmentation storage

All parallel chain data are saved on the main chain at the same time ,Chain33  Made the main chain pieces , Agree every  1  Ten thousand blocks

For a piece , If it is agreed that each fragment shall be kept at least  100  Share ,1000  Nodes can be divided into  10  A shard , Every time

Only one tenth of a fragment can be stored . There is no secondary account or non primary deposit data interacting with the main chain on the parallel chain

It can not exist on the main chain , So as to greatly reduce the load of the main chain , Reduce the difficulty of decentralization .

3、 ... and 、 Innovative consensus  pos33（ Efficient no rollback ）

Chain33  The main chain parallel chain is built on  2018  Open source went online in ,2022  Improved in  POS  Algorithm , Every block

Will choose randomly  25  Jurors （25  ticket ） To decide which node to block , A node gets at least  17  New after the ticket

Block out , It will be recognized by the main chain , It won't roll back  POS  Consensus algorithm , It greatly reduces the intelligence about financial transactions

The development difficulty of the contract （ Do not consider rollback processing ）.

Four 、 Zero knowledge proof and cross chain

use  zkRollup  Store the complete state on the parallel chain , Only save part of the data information of each transaction on the main chain ,

2

Use a series of compression methods , Replace data with calculation as much as possible , It can greatly reduce the storage pressure of the main chain .

5、 ... and 、 Other features and functions

Chain33  No contract is needed to generate a wallet , No mnemonic words needed

Chain33  Private wallets can be used to avoid exposure of assets

Decentralized social systems  https://github.com/txchat

6、 ... and 、chain33  Comparison with mainstream blockchains

7、 ... and 、 Performance testing

Configuration instructions

CPU: AMD  Sharp dragon  9 5900X

Memory ： Kingston  (Kingston) FURY 32GB(16G×2) suit  DDR4 3200

Hard disk ： samsung  NVMV 980 pro

The Internet :  Gigabit LAN

The test method ：https://github.com/chendehai/pressure-test/releases/tag/v1.0.1

browser ： https://testnet.33.cn/block

7.1 chain33: 8  Main chain nodes +5  Parallel chain nodes

The first  0--100w, Actual number of transactions :1018164, Time consuming  46s, Average per second  22134

The first  100--200w, Actual number of transactions :1027921, Time consuming  63s, Average per second  16316

The first  200--300w, Actual number of transactions :999620, Time consuming  72s, Average per second  13883

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The first  900--1000w, Actual number of transactions :956800, Time consuming  81s, Average per second  11812

exceed  1  Billion pen , The average second is  6000  to  10000  pen , In the later stage, the performance can be improved by separating the historical data .

7.2  The etheric fang : 8  An Ethereum node

The first  0--100w,  Actual number of transactions :905303,  Time consuming  580 s, Average per second  1560

The first  100--200w, Actual number of transactions :994254,  Time consuming  789 s, Average per second  1260

The first  200--300w, Actual number of transactions :804402,  Time consuming  951 s, Average per second  845